Radiotherapy (RT) is persistently gaining significance in the treatment of pediatric tumors. However, individual features of agrowing body and multifocal stages complicate this approach. Tomotherapy offers advantages in the treatment of anatomically complex tumors with low risks of side effects. Here we report on toxicity incidence and outcome of tomotherapy with afocus on multitarget RT (mtRT).
 
  From 2008 to 2017, 38children diagnosed with sarcoma were treated with tomotherapy. The median age was 15years (6-19years). Toxicity was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.03 and classified into symptoms during RT, acutely (0-6months) and late (>6months) after RT, and long-term sideeffects (>24months).
 
  The main histologies were Ewing sarcoma (n = 23 [61%]) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 5 [13%]). RT was performed with amedian total dose of 54 Gy (40.5-66.0 Gy) and asingle dose of 2 Gy (1.80-2.27 Gy). Twenty patients (53%) received mtRT. Median follow-up was 29.7ments with anatomically complex tumors or multiple targets. Especially mtRT is apromising and innovative treatment approach for pediatric sarcomas, delivering unexpectedly high survival rates for patients with multifocal Ewing sarcomas in this study, whereby the limited number of patients should invariably be considered in the interpretation.
 Our results showed acceptable levels of acute and late toxicities, considering the highly advanced diseases and multimodal treatment. Hence, tomotherapy is a feasible treatment method for young patients with anatomically complex tumors or multiple targets. Especially mtRT is a promising and innovative treatment approach for pediatric sarcomas, delivering unexpectedly high survival rates for patients with multifocal Ewing sarcomas in this study, whereby the limited number of patients should invariably be considered in the interpretation.A new model of cirrhosis of the liver was created in experiment on 30 rats. Over 3 weeks, experimental animals in addition to the standard diet daily intragastrically received corn oil in combination with intragastric administration of acetaminophen in a dose of 500 mg/day. High-fat load in combination with acetaminophen over 3 weeks led to the development of focal biliary cirrhosis.We studied the relationship between structural components of the wound (scab, leukocyte shaft, newly formed epithelium, and granulation tissue) and tissue components (epithelial and connective tissue) during spontaneous healing of skin wounds in rats. The regenerate structures were evaluated by microscopic morphometry. The number of vessels in 10 fields of view was calculated (at ×600), the dimensions of newly formed regenerate structures were determined height of the scab, leukocyte shaft, granulation tissue, the border zone of the epithelium, and the length of the epithelial wedge. For the studied morphometric parameters, regression models of changes in the parameters of the regenerating wound were created depending on the term of the reparative process (days 7 and 14). The correlation analysis of the morphometric parameters of the regenerating wound revealed bilateral strong (direct and inverse) correlations in pairs. Most of the identified dependencies were linear and the changes in the number of vessels in the granulation tissue fit the quadratic regression law. The regularities observed by us during spontaneous healing of full-layer skin defects can be considered as control values for comparison with reparation of similar wounds under conditions of stimulation.The incubation of quantum dots with lymphocytes induced significant changes in all morphometric characteristics of these cells. Protein crown formed on the surface of quantum dots after incubation with the serum consists mainly of transport proteins, immunoglobulins, blood coagulation proteins, and kininogens. Protein crown changes the morphometric characteristics of cells in the case of incubation with quantum dots that have low-molecular-weight coating, a shift towards control parameters (cells without exposure) was observed; on the contrary, after incubation with quantum dots that have a high-molecular-weight coating, the differences from the control became more pronounced. It can be hypothesized that protein crown provokes autoagression of lymphocytes against each other and against platelets.We propose an original method of complex assessment of the placental angioarchitechtonics based on computed tomography (CT) and morphological examination. A prerequisite condition of successful examination and assessment of the placental angioarchitechtonics is the pre-preparative stage including clearing of the placental and umbilical cord vessels from blood clots by placement of placenta into 10% hypertonic NaCl solution and then on a hygroscopic substrate. The major stage of this method is injection of contrast staining mixtures into the umbilical vessels followed by CT.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/smip34.html  The concentration of radiocontrast agent in water solution of gouache should be 70% for arteries and 15% for veins. The volumes of mixtures for contrast staining should be calculated according to the weight of the placenta. The contrast staining mixture was first injected into the catheterized unpaired umbilical vein, and then into both umbilical arteries. Each injection of the contrast staining mixture was visually inspected; then branching of the stained vessel was photographed and scanned by CT. The CT scans were used to construct 3D models of placental vessels and spectral color maps, which made it possible to examine the peculiarities of placental angioarchitechtonics, to identify and evaluate anastomoses of placental vessels, and to establish the type of these anastomoses.We studied histophysiology of the adrenal medulla in adult (70-day-old) male Wistar rats developmentally exposed to low doses of endocrine disruptor DDT. It was found that exposure to DDT during the prenatal and postnatal ontogeny decelerated the development of the adrenal medulla and reduced the synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-liming enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, in chromaffin cells, which led to a decrease in epinephrine secretion into the blood.