84 and 31.83% in 40% (v/v) pyridine (1.5 NaCl) and 0.15 mM CLIL, respectively. This is the first report on lignolytic enzymes of haloarchaea with capability to get activated in organic solvent and cholinium laurate based ionic liquid.The current study aims to check various behavioural, developmental, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of Fe3O4-GG nanocomposite (GGNCs) on Drosophila melanogaster. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method and cross-linked with guargum nanoparticles to prepare the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR techniques. To investigate the biomolecular interaction, GGNCs was further tagged with Fluorescein isothiocyanate. Various concentrations of nanocomposites were mixed with the food and flies were allowed to complete the life cycle. The life cycle of the flies was studied as a function of various concentrations of GGNCs. The 1st instar larvae after hatching from the egg start eating the food mixed with GGNCs. The 3rd instar larvae were investigated for various behavioural and morphological abnormalities within the gut. The 3rd instar larva has defective crawling speed, crawling path, and more number of micronuclei within the gut. Similarly, in adult flies thermal sensitivity, climbing behaviour was found to be altered. In adult flies, a significant reduction in body weight was found which is further correlated with variation of protein, carbohydrate, triglyceride, and antioxidant enzymes. Altogether, the current study suggests GGNCs as a non-genotoxic nanoparticle for various biological applications.The present work synthesized nano-chitosan capped gold nanoparticles (CS-AuNPs) and tested its bioactivities. The fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) exhibited glucosamine group revealed the capping of chitosan in CS-AuNPs. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated the peaks at 84.49 eV and 88.49 eV was corresponding to gold. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicated the size of 98.14 ± 6.62 nm, poly dispersion index (PDI) of 0.232 and zeta potential of 46.8 ± 2.07 mV for CS-AuNPs. The CS-AuNPs was exhibited the higher antioxidant, antibacterial and diabetes related enzyme inhibitory activities than that in CSNPs. The 50% of LN229 cell death was occurred through the treatment of 218.75 μg. mL-1 and 500 μg.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  mL-1 of CS-AuNPs and CSNPs respectively. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CS-AuNPs showed higher cytotoxicity in LN229 via cellular damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and arresting about 42.33% cells in the G1 phase. These results proved the multifunctional bioactive properties of CS-AuNPs.Reconstituted keratin is a novel bone graft material when prepared as a rigid scaffold. Understanding the immunogenicity of this material is important to determine whether this substance is a viable surgical option. Previous studies have shown no innate immune system activation in response to reconstituted keratin implants. To examine antibody-mediated immune responses to reconstituted keratin implants, bone and blood samples were taken from twelve sheep with surgically created tibial defects containing such implants. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA of the inflammatory marker SOCS 3 in local bony tissue, and a novel immunohistochemistry assay developed to detect antikeratin antibodies in serum. Two animals were sacrificed per time-point at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12. Time points for serum analysis included baseline (pre-surgery) and all other time points; mRNA analysis examined samples from all time points. No upregulation in antikeratin antibodies or SOCS 3 mRNA was observed at any time point, indicating that reconstituted keratin implants do not trigger an adaptive immune response in vivo in an ovine model. These findings provide the platform for further development of keratin implants in other mammalian models to define its immunogenic profile and safety.Galactomannan extracted from Cassia fistula seed endosperm present little data related to the its structural characterization. This study reports the chemical characterization of the galactomannan from Cassia fistula (CF) and their oxidized derivatives. The extracted CF presented a yield of 26.5% (w/w) and the intrinsic viscosity [η] was 9.73 dL/g. 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) confirmed that the polysaccharide has a backbone of 4-linked β-D-mannose units, and contains galactose units as pending groups. These galactose units are linked to the central core through a (1→6) linkage and the galactomannan presented Man/Gal ratio of 3.1/1. The galactomannan from Cassia fistula presents low cytotoxicity in Vero cells with a CC50 > 1000 μg/ml. The properties of CF resemble other commercially important galactomannans such as Locust bean gum. Three oxidized derivatives of CF were produced by periodate oxidation, which were carefully characterized by different structural techniques. It was observed that as the degree of oxidation increased, there was an increase in the Man/Gal ratio and a reduction in molar mass and viscosity. The polialdehyde produced may be explored as a versality material to react with amine group of the protein and amined polysaccharide to produce biomaterials.This study investigated the effects of acid degradation of amylopectin on the structure, pasting, and rheological properties of waxy maize starch. It is found that 1) the amount of amylopectin short-chains with degree of polymerization (DP) ~ 15-50 increased while that of amylopectin long-chains with DP ~ 50-200 decreased by acid hydrolysis; 2) acid hydrolysis produced smaller amylopectin molecules with a narrower size distribution; 3) acid hydrolysis had a minor effect on the crystalline and granular structures of native starch; 4) the pasting viscosity of acid hydrolyzed starch during heating and the consistency coefficient, K, of starch gels increased, whereas the flow behavior index, n, decreased. Correlation analysis was used to clarify the molecular causes for the variations of pasting and rheological properties of acid hydrolyzed starch.