This attrition was absent in age-matched mutation carriers who did not have MDS/AML. We tested if adult short telomere patients without MDS/AML also had evidence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)-related mutations and found 30% were affected. These patients also primarily suffered morbidity from pulmonary fibrosis during followup. Our data show the Mendelian short telomere syndromes are associated with a relatively narrow cancer spectrum, primarily MDS and AML. They suggest short telomere length is sufficient to drive premature age-related clonal hematopoiesis in these inherited disorders. Copyright © 2020 American Society of Hematology.Accumulating evidence suggests that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule in plant-environmental interactions. The consensus view amongst plant scientists is that environmental stress leads to enhanced production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2S interacts with the ROS-mediated oxidative stress response network at multiple levels, including the regulation of the ROS-processing systems by transcriptional or post-translational modifications. H2S-ROS crosstalk also involves other interacting factors, including nitric oxide, and can affect key cellular processes like autophagy. While H2S often functions to prevent ROS accumulation, it can also act synergistically with ROS signals in processes such as stomatal closure. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of H2S action and the multifaceted roles of this molecule in plant stress responses. Emphasis is placed on the interactions between H2S, ROS and the redox signaling network that is crucial for plant defence against environmental threats. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) are an outstanding group for studying sex chromosome evolution-they are old, speciose, geographically widespread, and exhibit myriad sex determining modes. Yet, the vast majority of squamate species lack heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Cataloguing the sex chromosome systems of species lacking easily identifiable, heteromorphic sex chromosomes, therefore, is essential before we are to fully understand the evolution of vertebrate sex chromosomes. Here, we use restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to classify the sex chromosome system of the granite night lizard, Xantusia henshawi. RADseq is an effective alternative to traditional cytogenetic methods for determining a species' sex chromosome system (i.e. XX/XY or ZZ/ZW), particularly in taxa with non-differentiated sex chromosomes. Although many xantusiid lineages have been karyotyped, none possess heteromorphic sex chromosomes. We identified a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in X. henshawi-the first such data for this family. Furthermore, we report that the X. henshawi sex chromosome contains fragments of genes found on Gallus gallus chromosomes 7, 12, and 18 (which are homologous to Anolis carolinensis chromosome 2), the first vertebrate sex chromosomes to utilize this linkage group. © The American Genetic Association 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Adventitious roots (ARs) are important for some plants that depend on clonal propagation. Here, a salt-responsive gene module was demonstrated to be involved in the negative regulation of AR development in poplar. In this module, bZIP53 was induced by salt stress and it shown to function as a transcription factor (TF) with transactivation activity. Overexpression (OE) or induced expression (IE) of poplar bZIP53 in poplar lines resulted in inhibition of AR growth, while heterologous OE of bZIP53 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a similar phenotype. Using RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR assays, IAA4-1 and IAA4-2 were predicted to be downstream genes that were regulated by bZIP53. With experiments for testing protein-DNA interactions, including a yeast one hybrid (Y1H) assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), dual luciferase reporter assay and GUS coexpression assay, IAA4-1/2 were further proven to be the genes that are directly regulated by bZIP53. The IE IAA4-1/2 transgenic poplar lines also showed inhibited AR growth. Additionally, both poplar bZIP53 and IAA4-1/2 showed a response to salt stress. According to these results, the bZIP53-IAA4 module is involved in the negative regulation of AR development in poplar.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/geneticin-g418-sulfate.html  © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients. CMV cell-mediated immunity (CMV-CMI) as determined by a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) CMV assay may identify patients at risk for clinically significant CMV infection (CS-CMVi). METHODS The CS-CMVi was defined as CMV viremia and/or disease necessitating antiviral therapy. CMV-CMI was characterized as high when the intermediate-early 1 (IE-1) antigen spot counts (SPCs) were >100 (cutoff 1) or when the IE-1 and phosphoprotein 65 antigen SPCs were both >100 SPCs per 250 000 cells (cutoff 2), and a low CMV-CMI when SPCs were below these thresholds. In this prospective multicenter study, we evaluated CMV-CMI every 2 weeks from the pretransplant period until 6 months posttransplantation in 241 allo-HCT recipients with positive CMV serostatus. The primary endpoint was CS-CMVi occurring within 2 weeks of the last measurement of CMV-CMI. RESULTS CS-CMVi occurred in 70 allo-HCT recipients (29%). CMV-CMI was low in patients who experienced CS-CMVi (94%), whereas those who had a high CMV-CMI were less likely to have CS-CMVi (P  less then  .0001). Patients with CS-CMVi had higher all-cause mortality (P = .007), especially those with low CMV-CMI (P = .035). On multivariable analysis, CMV-CMI, sex, race, antithymocyte globulin, and steroid use were independent predictors of CS-CMVi, and the time from transplant to engraftment was the only predictor of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of CMV-CMI using a novel ELISPOT assay would be useful clinically to monitor allo-HCT recipients and distinguish between those at risk of developing CS-CMVi and requiring antiviral prophylaxis or therapy and those who are protected. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.