In the skin areas, the doses were as follows 1-2cm from the applicator, 1.86±0.77Gy; 2-5cm, 0.73±0.14Gy; andgreater than5cm, 0.28±0.17Gy. The dose delivered to the pectoral muscle (tungsten shielding disc) was 0.51±0.27Gy.
 
  The study demonstrated the viability of XR-RV3 films for in vivo dose measurement in the dose and energy ranges applied in a complex procedure, such as breast IORT. The doses in organs at risk were far below the tolerances for cases such as those studied.
 The study demonstrated the viability of XR-RV3 films for in vivo dose measurement in the dose and energy ranges applied in a complex procedure, such as breast IORT. The doses in organs at risk were far below the tolerances for cases such as those studied.For long, complex procedures in interventional radiology (IR) or in interventional cardiology (IC), the skin dose can be high and induce skin injuries. To improve patient follow-up, it is essential to measure and locate the peak skin dose (PSD). PSD can be measured using dosimeters or computed by skin dose calculation software solutions.  https://www.selleckchem.com/Bcl-2.html  Recently, a study was published (e.g. Malchair F et al Phys Med 2020; 8075-83) listing all the software solutions developed and available and compared them in operation as regards accuracy of the calculated PSD and generated dose map. Similarities and differences exist between these different software packages, which are discussed here. The accuracy of PSD calculated on phantom studies with these software solutions are within ± 25% and poorer in patient studies. Improvements are therefore required for manufacturers of both software and IR systems. The medical physicists also have an important role to play in setting up and monitoring the dose in these software solutions to ensure the accuracy of the calculated PSD.Computational human body models (HBM) present a novel approach to predict brain response in football impact scenarios, with prescribed kinematic boundary conditions for the HBM skull typically used at present. However, computational optimization of helmets requires simulation of the coupled helmet and HBM model; which is much more complex and has not been assessed in the context of brain deformation and existing simplified approaches. In the current study, two boundary conditions and the resulting brain deformations were compared using a HBM head model (1) a prescribed skull kinematics (PK) boundary condition using measured head kinematics from experimental impacts; and (2) a novel detailed simulation of a HBM head and neck, helmet and linear impactor (HBM-S). While lateral and rear impacts exhibited similar levels of maximum principal strain (MPS) in the brain tissue using both boundary conditions, differences were noted in the frontal orientation (at 9.3 m/s, MPS was 0.39 for PK, 0.54 for HBM-S). Importantly, both PK and HBM-S boundary conditions produced a similar distribution of MPS throughout the brain for each impact orientation considered. Within the corpus callosum and thalamus, high MPS was associated with lateral impacts and lower values with frontal and rear impacts. The good correspondence of both boundary conditions is encouraging for future optimization of helmet designs. A limitation of the PK approach is the need for experimental head kinematics data, while the HBM-S can predict brain response for varying impact conditions and helmet configurations, with potential as a tool to improve helmet protection performance.The bite force of the piranha (Serrasalmidae) has drawn considerable attention due to its ability to effectively capture and masticate prey. Herein, we analyze theoretical anterior bite forces using a lever approach and compare them to in-vivo maximum bite forces. We provide a mechanics analysis that explains the scaling allometry of the bite force (Foutput) with the length of the fish (l), Foutputαl2.
  We aim to evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among general public and healthcare workers during COVID-19 in China and the changes of prevalence before and after the peak of the epidemic occurred.
 
  Studies were searched from following database PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANGFANG DATA, from inception to 1 st May 2020. Random-effects model was applied to pool the prevalence. Comparative analysis was also applied to evaluate the changes of prevalence before and after the peak of the epidemic occurred.
 
  34 articles were finally included. Prevalence of depression and anxiety was higher among healthcare worker than general public. Among general public, 26 % (95 %CI 17 %-36 %) were suffering from depression and 22 % (95 %CI 15 %-30 %) were having anxiety during COVID-19, while the prevalence of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers was 31 % (95 %CI 25 %-37 %) and 40 % (95 %CI 33 %-46 %) respectively. Comparative analysis showed healthcare workers (depression 40 %, anxiety 38 %) had higher percentage of having depression and anxiety than the general public (depression 33 %, anxiety 24 %) before the peak. Then a descended prevalence among healthcare workers (depression 22 %, anxiety 22 %) was detected compared with that before, while the prevalence among the general public raised (depression 62 %, anxiety 44 %) after the peak occurred.
 
  The COVID-19 epidemic had a potential psychiatric impact on general public and healthcare workers in China, which is more severer among healthcare workers. However, the psychiatric status of the general public trend to deteriorated, while healthcare workers trend to improve after the peak of epidemic.
 The COVID-19 epidemic had a potential psychiatric impact on general public and healthcare workers in China, which is more severer among healthcare workers. However, the psychiatric status of the general public trend to deteriorated, while healthcare workers trend to improve after the peak of epidemic.
  Abnormalities of global visual scanning have been well-recognized in schizophrenia patients. However, its relevance to various cognitive domains is still understudied. In the present study, we identified the association between global visual scanning and cognitive function in schizophrenia.
 
  Eye movement was captured and analyzed in 28 individuals with schizophrenia and 21 healthy controls in free viewing test. The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) was applied to evaluate cognitive function.
 
  Consistent with previous reports, schizophrenia patients exhibited several eye movement abnormalities during global visual scanning and showed cognition deficits in MCCB test as compared with healthy controls. Fixation duration was significantly related to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Moreover, there was a potential that eye movement measures during landscape scanning, rather than face scanning, were preferentially related to cognitive dysfunction.
 
  This study indicated the association between free visual scanning and various cognitive functions in schizophrenia, shedding light on the possibility that some eye movement measures during visual exploration could be a biomarker for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.