https://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-680(MK-0457).html 5-84.5) to 82.5 ME (IQR 57.4-106) in the no-TAP group ( < .001). After controlling for multiple demographic- and patient-related cofactors, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated TAP block patients utilized 22.48 ME less than the no-TAP group ( < .001) in the first 2 days of their hospitalization. Patients that received a TAP block as a part of their perioperative anesthetic care utilized less in-hospital narcotics than those patients that did not receive a TAP block. TAP blocks should be considered as part of a multimodal pain control strategy for patients undergoing LSG. Patients that received a TAP block as a part of their perioperative anesthetic care utilized less in-hospital narcotics than those patients that did not receive a TAP block. TAP blocks should be considered as part of a multimodal pain control strategy for patients undergoing LSG.This article is an update of a paper which Dave Richardson and I published in 1982, and serves as both an update of management of esophageal injuries and as a lasting tribute to my mentor and hero J. David Richardson. As the United States (US) population increases, the demand for more trauma surgeons (TSs) will increase. There are no recent studies comparing the TS density temporally and geographically. We aim to evaluate the density and distribution of TSs by state and region and its impact on trauma patient mortality. A retrospective cohort analysis of the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile (PM), 2016 US Census Bureau, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC's) Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) to determine TS density. TS density was calculated by dividing the number of TSs per 1000000 population at the state level, and divided by 500 admissions at the regional level. Trauma-related mortality by state was obtained through the CDC's WISQARS database, which allowed us to estimate trauma mortality pe