https://www.selleckchem.com/products/4egi-1.html We review the concept of ecosystem resilience in its relation to ecosystem integrity from an information theory approach. We summarize the literature on the subject identifying three main narratives ecosystem properties that enable them to be more resilient; ecosystem response to perturbations; and complexity. We also include original ideas with theoretical and quantitative developments with application examples. The main contribution is a new way to rethink resilience, that is mathematically formal and easy to evaluate heuristically in real-world applications ecosystem antifragility. An ecosystem is antifragile if it benefits from environmental variability. Antifragility therefore goes beyond robustness or resilience because while resilient/robust systems are merely perturbation-resistant, antifragile structures not only withstand stress but also benefit from it. © 2020 Equihua et al.Objective This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) and flexible ureteroscopy (F-URS) in the treatment of 20-30 mm renal stones in obese patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of outcomes of patients who underwent SMP and F-URS to treat 20-30 mm renal stones from August 2017 to September 2018. Patients with BMI >30 kg/m2 were enrolled into this study. Forty-eight patients underwent SMP, while 104 patients underwent F-URS by the same surgeon. The patients' demographic data, stone characteristics, perioperative parameters and outcomes, complications, stone-free rate (SFR) and overall costs were retrospectively assessed. Results No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, operation side, stone size, number, locations, stone compositions and CT value. The mean operation time was significantly shorter in the SMP group (p less then 0.001), while the F-URS group had significantly shorter postoperative stays (p less then 0.0