003). AP-1 expression is positively associated with advanced stage (p=0.002), presence of extra-thyroid invasion (p=0.005), recurrence of the tumor (p=0.005), unfavorable disease-free survival rate (p=0.01). JAZF1 expression is negatively associated with huge tumor size (0.023), vascular invasion (p=0.007) and unfavorable overall survival rate (p=.030).
 
  High expression levels of TFAP2B and AP-1 and low expression levels of JAZF1 were associated with unfavourable pathological, prognostic parameters and dismal patient's outcome.<br />.
 .
  This tissue microarray (TMA) immunohistochemical (IHC) study elucidates the role of Wilms' tumor 1 protein (WT1) in diagnosis and prognostication of astrocytic tumors.
 
  IHC was applied to 75 astrocytic lesions (18 astrogliosis and 57 astrocytic tumors) using antibodies directed against WT1 clone 6F-H2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1), Bcl2 and Ki67. WT1 IHC staining was evaluated and scored blindly by 2 pathologists. Bcl2 and Ki67 scores and labelling indices were assessed and IDH1 status determined. Statistical analysis was performed using the appropriate methodology.
 
  WT1 cytoplasmic expression was detected in 89.5% of astrocytic tumors but not in astrogliosis. Positive WT1 differentiated astrocytic tumors (92.6% accuracy) and grade II diffuse astrocytomas (93.5% accuracy) from astrogliosis with high sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values (p<0.001). Increased WT1 score significantly associated higher Bcl2 and Ki67 labelling indices, increasing WHO tumor grade and tumor's histopatholgnificantly associated higher Bcl2 and Ki67 labelling indices, increasing WHO tumor grade and tumor's histopathologic type (p less then 0.05) showing staining pattern variability by tumor entity and cell type. Glioblastomas, gliosarcomas and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas were the most frequently WT1 expressing tumors with frequent +3 WT1 score. About 21.4% of pilocytic astrocytomas had +3WT1 score in association with increased Bcl2 and Ki67 indices. Low WT1 scores in grade II and III diffuse astrocytomas were linked to the high frequency of IDH1 positivity, and were associated with low Bcl2 and Ki67 labelling indices. In glioblastomas, WT1 significantly associated poor prognostic variables older age, negative-IDH1 status, high Bcl2 and Ki67 labelling indices (p=0.04, less then 0.001, =0.001 and.
  The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation and its association with expression changes of BRCA1 and main morphological features in sporadic breast cancer.
 
  A retrospective review of cases was performed to select those with specific morphological features suggestive of breast cancer. BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation and changes in protein expression were evaluated in 30 cancerous and 30 non-cancerous tissue samples. A tissue microarray containing samples from normal and tumor tissue was prepared and stained for BRCA1 protein expression using a commercially available monoclonal antibody against BRCA1 (Ab-1) clone MS110 (mAb). DNA was extracted using modified protocol of Qiagen minikit.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-770.html  DNA was modified using a Bisulfite conversion kit and BRCA1 hypermethylation was detected using a methylation specific PCR.
 
  Promoter hypermethylation was negative in 30 non-cancerous samples with retained BRCA1 protein expression. Methylation was positive in 82.6% (n=19/23) of tr the exploitation of therapeutic and clinical implications.<br />.
 .
  Shoulder and cervical pain, reduced mobility and disability are some of the major complications associated with surgeries of head and neck cancers affecting several domains of quality of life. In the present study we aimed to compare the effectiveness of Muscle Ener-gy Techniques (METS) and Active Range of Motion Exercises in reducing pain, improving shoulder mobility and function in patients post Modified Radical Neck Dissection (MRND).
 
  Forty eight subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A received active range of motion (AROM) exercises and group B received Muscle energy techniques (METS). Both the groups were treated for a period of 10 consecutive days starting from the 3rd to 5th postoperative day. Data was collected on the 1st and 10th day of intervention.
 
  Both groups showed highly significant improvements in shoulder range of motion , decrease in pain and better Global Rating Change cores(GRCS) (p=0.005). GRCS and shoul-der abduction showed significant improvement in group B when compared to group A, sug-gesting better clinical outcomes in those treated with Muscle Energy Techniques. Conclusion This study showed that both METs and AROM exercises were effective in im-proving shoulder range of motion, function and reducing pain in patients post MRND but-Muscle Energy Techniques were more effective when compared to AROM exercises.<br />.
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  Ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer patients with BRCA gene mutation have enhanced sensitivity to platinum-based regimens and PARP inhibitors. However, the knowledge regarding BRCA mutation in Thai patients is limited. This study aimed at identifying the prevalence and characteristics of somatic and germline BRCA 1 and 2 mutations in Thai patients with these cancers.
 
  The paraffin blocks of tumors with histology of high grade serous, high grade endometrioid, or clear cell carcinoma obtained between June 2016 and December 2017 were analyzedto evaluate BRCA mutation using next-generation sequencing system. Blood or normal tissue paraffin blocks of positive patients were further tested for germline BRCA mutation.
 
  Tissue paraffin blocks of 178 patients were collected but only 139 were analyzed. Positive BRCA mutation was identified in 24 patients (17.3%) BRCA1 in 13 cases, BRCA2 in 10 cases, and BRCA1 and 2 in the rest one. Germline mutation study in blood or normal tissue in 23 positive patients revealed BRCA mutation in 14 cases, BRCA1 in 8 cases and BRCA 2 in 6 cases. Overall, the prevalence of somatic and germline mutation was 6.5% (9 out of 138 patients) and 8.7% (14 out of 138 patients), respectively. The most common histology associated with BRCA mutation was high grade serous cancer (27.3%). No significant difference was found between patients with or without BRCA mutation in terms of stage, outcome, platinum status, and survival outcome.
 
  BRCA mutation was demonstrated in less than 10% of Thai ovarian cancer patients. Higher rate of mutation was found in high grade serous cancer.<br />.
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