Global call for healthy and sustainable food production and consumption has been loud, and the majority of these calls center on ensuring food security through sustainable agriculture. The other parts of the food supply chain such as consumption, packaging, recycling, and food waste management seem to be overlooked especially by developing nations of the world where attention is mainly placed on production. But in the broad sense, public health and environmental quality could be adversely impacted by neglect, mismanagement, or loophole on any of these food management systems. Hence, the current work studies the health and environmental impacts of local food packaging materials, adopting Nigeria as a proxy for the developing world. A review was first conducted to appraise the sustainability aspects of achieving and using natural leaves as a packaging material for traditional foods in Nigeria. The result of the review rightly shows that leaf-type packaging material has several apparent health and environmental advantages for food packaging. In view of this, the current work proposes a theoretical circular economy model that would ensure the constant and sustainable availability of these local packaging materials, especially in the urban centers.The COVID-19 pandemic has far-reaching implications for HRQoL into the future. This disease affects many systems of the body, as well as having an impact on the psychological status of those with the condition, their families, and health care workers. Given the breadth of conditions that may result from COVID-19, it is critical that quality of life researchers begin preparing to address the many factors that may impact HRQoL for many people worldwide.NIR-emitted ZnGa2O4Cr3+ persistent luminescence nanoparticles (ZGC NPs) coated with polydopamine (ZGC@PDA NPs) were designed featuring internal reference and quenching ability. Sr-doped Zn2GeO4 persistent luminescence nanorods (ZGOSr NRs) served as detection probes, which exhibited blue emission. The decay times and intensity of luminescence of ZGOSr NRs were optimized to acquire desired luminescence properties. An aptamer-guided ratiometric persistent luminescence sensor with the LOD (0.46 pg mL-1) was established to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). This developed ratiometric aptasensor based on persistent luminescence nanomaterials (PLMs) does not only use the afterglow properties of nanomaterials to avoid the interference of autofluorescence but also precludes the interference of certain factors in the detection environment on the luminescence intensity due to the introduction of a reference signal, and is suitable for early screening of tumor markers in serum samples. Moreover, the optimization of luminescence properties, especially for luminescence decay times, provides a way for the fabrication of multiple persistent luminescence materials in the application of time-resolved fluorescence technology. Graphical abstract Construction of ZGOSr NR- and ZGC@PDA NP-driven ratiometric aptasensor for CEA detection.The CD137L-CD137 axis is a potent co-stimulatory immune checkpoint regulator that forms a bidirectional signaling pathway between the CD137 ligand (CD137L) and CD137 receptor to regulate immunological activities. This study investigated the potential involvement of the CD137L-CD137 axis on inflammasome-associated brain injury and neurological deficits in a mouse model of focal ischemic stroke. Cerebral ischemia was induced in male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT), CD137L-deficient (CD137L KO) and CD137-deficient (CD137 KO) mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO; 60 min), followed by reperfusion (6 h and 24 h). Brain infarct volume and neurological deficit scores were significantly lower in both CD137L KO and CD137 KO mice compared to WT controls. Moreover, CD137L-deficient brains had significantly lower levels of the pyroptotic protein, NT-Gasdermin D, while CD137-deficient brains had significantly lower levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins, cleaved caspase-3, pyroptotic protein, NT-Gasdermin D, and of the secondary pyroptotic protein NT-Gasdermin E, following ischemic stroke. This protection by CD137L and CD137 deletion was associated with a significant decrease in inflammasome signaling. In conclusion, our data provide evidence for the first time that the CD137L-CD137 axis contributes to brain injury and neurological deficits by activating the inflammasome signaling pathway following ischemic stroke.
  Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a prognostic factor in early-stage invasive breast cancer (BC). Through bioinformatics, data analyses of multiple BC cohorts revealed the positive association between interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) LVI status. Thus, we explored the prognostic significance of ISG15 in BC.
 
  The prognostic significance of ISG15 mRNA was assessed in METABRIC (n = 1980), TCGA (n = 854) and Kaplan-Meier Plotter (n = 3951). ISG15 protein was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (n = 859) in early-stage invasive BC patients with long-term follow-up. The associations between ISG15 expression and clinicopathological features, expression of immune cell markers and patient outcome data were evaluated.
 
  High mRNA and protein ISG15 expression were associated with LVI, higher histological grade, larger tumour size, hormonal receptor negativity, HER2 positivity, p53 and Ki67. High ISG15 protein expression was associated with HER2-enriched BC subtypes and immune markers (CD8, FOXP3 and CD68). High ISG15 mRNA and ISG15 expressions were associated with poor patient outcome. Cox proportional multivariate analysis revealed that the elevated ISG15 expression was an independent prognostic factor of shorter BC-specific survival.
 
  This study provides evidence for the role of ISG15 in LVI development and BC prognosis. Further functional studies in BC are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ISG15.
 This study provides evidence for the role of ISG15 in LVI development and BC prognosis. Further functional studies in BC are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ISG15.
  The extended role of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in the neoadjuvant setting may raise concerns on the oncologic safety of BCS compared to mastectomy. This study compared long-term outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) between patients treated with BCS and mastectomy.
 
  All breast cancer patients treated with NAC from 2008 until 2017 at the Amphia Hospital (the Netherlands) were included.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sy-5609.html  Disease-free and overall survival were compared between BCS and mastectomy with survival functions. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to determine prognostic variables for disease-free survival.
 
  561 of 612 patients treated with NAC were eligible 362 (64.5%) with BCS and 199 (35.5%) with mastectomy. Median follow-up was 6.8years (0.9-11.9). Mastectomy patients had larger tumours and more frequently node-positive or lobular cancer. Unadjusted five-year disease-free survival was 90.9% for BCS versus 82.9% for mastectomy (p = .004). Unadjusted five-year overall survival was 95.3% and 85.