Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a major public health concern. Monitoring of HAI rates, with feedback, is a core component of infection prevention and control programmes. Digitalization of healthcare data has created novel opportunities for automating the HAI surveillance process to varying degrees. However, methods are not standardized and vary widely between different healthcare facilities. Most current automated surveillance (AS) systems have been confined to local settings, and practical guidance on how to implement large-scale AS is needed.
 
  This document was written by a task force formed in March 2019 within the PRAISE network (Providing a Roadmap for Automated Infection Surveillance in Europe), gathering experts in HAI surveillance from ten European countries.
 
  The document provides an overview of the key e-health aspects of implementing an AS system of HAI in a clinical environment to support both the infection prevention and control team and information technology (IT) departments. The focus is on understanding the basic principles of storage and structure of healthcare data, as well as the general organization of IT infrastructure in surveillance networks and participating healthcare facilities. The fundamentals of data standardization, interoperability and algorithms in relation to HAI surveillance are covered. Finally, technical aspects and practical examples of accessing, storing and sharing healthcare data within a HAI surveillance network, as well as maintenance and quality control of such a system, are discussed.
 
  With the guidance given in this document, along with the PRAISE roadmap and governance documents, readers will find comprehensive support to implement large-scale AS in a surveillance network.
 With the guidance given in this document, along with the PRAISE roadmap and governance documents, readers will find comprehensive support to implement large-scale AS in a surveillance network.
  Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) is increasingly automated by applying algorithms to routine-care data stored in electronic health records. Hitherto, initiatives have mainly been confined to single healthcare facilities and research settings, leading to heterogeneity in design. The PRAISE network - Providing a Roadmap for Automated Infection Surveillance in Europe - designed a roadmap to provide guidance on how to move automated surveillance (AS) from the research setting to large-scale implementation. Supplementary to this roadmap, we here discuss the governance aspects of automated HAI surveillance within networks, aiming to support both the coordinating centres and participating healthcare facilities as they set up governance structures and to enhance involvement of legal specialists.
 
  This article is based on PRAISE network discussions during two workshops. A taskforce was installed that further elaborated governance aspects for AS networks by reviewing documents and websites, con on governance aspects can be used by coordinating centres and healthcare facilities participating in an AS network as a starting point to set up governance structures. Involvement of main stakeholders and legal specialists early in the development of an AS network is important for endorsement, inclusivity and compliance with the laws and regulations that apply.
  To examine how perceptions of gender norms and expressions of empowerment are related among disadvantaged young adolescent boys and girls in Kinshasa, DRC.
 
  We included data from 2,610 adolescent boys and girls between 10 and 14 years old. We examined correlations between three dimensions of perceived gender norms (a sexual double standard, gender stereotypical roles, and gender stereotypical traits) and two domains of agency (voice and decision-making), overall and by sex. We conducted sex-stratified simple and multivariable linear regression models to assess these associations, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/plx51107.html  We also tested for differences in the association between gender norm perceptions and agency by sex.
 
  Correlations between gender norm perceptions and agency scores were low (under 0.15). Among boys, greater perception of a sexual double standard was related to more voice (p=0.001) and more decision-making power (p=0.008). Similar patterns were observed among girls for the relationship between sexual double standard and voice (p≤.001), but not for decision-making. Increased perceptions of gender stereotypical traits were related to more voice among girls (p≤.001), while conversely girls who perceived greater gender stereotypical roles had less decision-making power (p=0.010).
 
  This study demonstrated that gender norm perceptions and agency are distinct but related constructs. Interventions aimed to promote gender equality must consider gender unequal norms and gender-unequal divisions of power as important but different dynamics.
 This study demonstrated that gender norm perceptions and agency are distinct but related constructs. Interventions aimed to promote gender equality must consider gender unequal norms and gender-unequal divisions of power as important but different dynamics.
  This study assesses the role of gender norms on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and peer-violence perpetration among very young adolescents in three urban poor cities of Indonesia.
 
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bandar Lampung, Denpasar, and Semarang in Indonesia. A total of 2,974 participants (boys 44.79%, girls 55.21%) between 10 and 14years were included in the analysis. Logistic regression, mediation, and moderation analyses were conducted stratified by sex.
 
  Risk factors of peer-violence perpetration among boys and girls included three (boys adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-4.75; girls aOR 1.82, 95% CI .95-3.52) and four or more (boys aOR 6.75, 95% CI 3.86-11.80; girls aOR 5.37, 95% CI 3.07-9.37) history of ACE. Risk factors of peer-violence perpetration among boys included having inequitable sexual double standard (SDS) indices (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.09-1.95). SDS measures the perception boys are rewarded for romantic relationship engagement, whereas girls are stigmatized or disadvantaged for the experience.