The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of elastic light single-scattering spectroscopy system, a noninvasive method, to acquire spectra during testicular biopsy from normal and damaged seminiferous tubules with various degrees of germ cell loss. Adult control rats and doxorubicin-injected rats to achieve seminiferous germ cell loss (for 10 days [10D], 20 days [D20], 30 days [D30], 40 days [D40], and 50 days [D50]) were used.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  Spectroscopic measurements were acquired utilising a single-fibre optical probe, and histopathology of the biopsied testicular tissue samples were compared. Time-dependent testicular damage comprising various degrees of seminiferous tubule degeneration after doxorubicin-administration was observed. In D30, D40 and D50 groups, where significant germ cell loss was identified, elastic light single-scattering spectroscopy system signals were well correlated with disturbed spermatogenesis where significant differences in spectral signals were obtained. Our findings indicate that the elastic light single-scattering spectroscopy system has the potential to enable instant imaging of spermatogenesis in rats and could also be useful in humans for clinical applications, such as to increase sperm recovery success during micro-TESE for men with nonobstructive azoospermia.
  The aim of this study was to explore the opinions of people with dementia, about the language used to describe changes in behaviour associated with dementia.
 
  This study adopted a human rights approach in a mixed methods convergent parallel synthesis design.
 
  Online and paper-based questionnaire data were collected between November 2019 and March 2020. A combination of convenience and purposive sampling was used to invite people with dementia to participate.
 
  In total, 54 people completed the survey. There was no clear consensus on a preferred term, but 28.3% preferred the term 'unmet needs' for describing changes in behaviour associated with dementia. Qualitative data revealed important nuances and challenges for researchers and practitioners in relation to terminology for this paradigm. Participants felt that the language we use to talk about changes in behaviour could influence how people with dementia are viewed and treated and how people feel about themselves.
 
  The majority of participants were famdividual's preferences and understandings. They can then share their own understanding about the potential for changed behaviour and if relevant, how any negative impact of this may be minimized.
  To evaluate the adoption of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) for breast cancer (BC) in Victoria, Australia.
 
  This is a population-based cohort of women with BC who had breast RT as captured in the Victorian Radiotherapy Minimum Data Set between 2012 and 2017. We defined HFRT as<25 fractions of RT. The pattern of HFRT use over time was evaluated with the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend. Factors associated with HFRT were identified using multivariable logistic regression.
 
  12,717 women were included in the study. Overall, 6,653 (52%) patients had HFRT. HFRT use increased from 35% in 2012 to 66% in 2017 (P-trend<0.001). Older women were more likely to have HFRT (74% for women aged≥70years vs. 27% for women aged<50years; P<0.001). Women who had nodal irradiation were less likely to have HFRT compared with those who did not (13% vs. 57%; P<0.001). HFRT use was more common in public than private institutions (57% vs. 46%, P<0.001), and in metropolitan than regional centres (54% vs. 46%, P<0.001). In multivariable analyses, the progressive increase in HFRT use over time was independent of other covariates - women treated in 2017 were 7.3 times (95% CI=6.3-8.6, P<0.001) more likely to be treated with HFRT than in 2012. Age at RT, nodal irradiation, area of residence and institutional type and locations were all independently associated with HFRT use.
 
  This large Australian contemporary population-based study demonstrates increasing use of HFRT for BC. However, large sociodemographic and institutional provider-related variations in practice still exist.
 This large Australian contemporary population-based study demonstrates increasing use of HFRT for BC. However, large sociodemographic and institutional provider-related variations in practice still exist.
  To explore parents' experience of transition in the period between the palliative cardiac surgeries (i.e., the interstage period) of an infant with single ventricle congenital heart disease.
 
  We conducted an exploratory naturalistic inquiry using a qualitative descriptive approach.
 
  A purposive sample of 11 parents of children with single ventricle disease was selected among families that participated in an interstage-period parental home monitoring program during the past 2years. Interviews and field observations were conducted September-October 2019, and data were analyzed for themes. Analysis of data was inductive, although study questions and the interpretation of results were informed by Meleis' transition theory.
 
  Parents described the experience of transition in interstage as a striving for normality, a theme that was clustered in subthemes of home, self, and infant.
 
  Parents' experiences of striving for normality indicated a need for more targeted efforts to address parents' psychosocial needs during the highly stressful interstage transition.
 
  This research underscored the complexity of parents' psychosocial support needs on returning home after their child's first palliative surgery. The findings also suggest need for examination of the transition following the second palliative heart surgery, when the home monitoring program is withdrawn. Understanding parent needs will help guide healthcare teams in developing ways to support parents as they adjust to home, self, and child.
 This research underscored the complexity of parents' psychosocial support needs on returning home after their child's first palliative surgery. The findings also suggest need for examination of the transition following the second palliative heart surgery, when the home monitoring program is withdrawn. Understanding parent needs will help guide healthcare teams in developing ways to support parents as they adjust to home, self, and child.