Overall, 28 (11.1%) samples showed resistance to at least one of the four InSTIs. We observed a significant percentage increase of 95% about the resistance to all the four drugs.
 
  Because the InSTI resistance is not rare, a continuous surveillance can represent nowadays, together with an incessant health education and a wide offer of the HIV test, the most important tool in the fight against HIV infection.
 Because the InSTI resistance is not rare, a continuous surveillance can represent nowadays, together with an incessant health education and a wide offer of the HIV test, the most important tool in the fight against HIV infection.
  The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has promptly spread worldwide. This study aimed to predict mature miRNA sequences in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, their effects on protein-protein interactions in the affected cells, gene-drug relationships to detect possible drug candidates.
 
  Viral hairpin structure prediction and classification of the hairpins, mutational examination of precursor miRNA candidate sequences, Minimum Free Energy (MFE) and regional entropy analysis, mature miRNA sequences, target gene prediction, gene ontology enrichment and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis, gene-drug interactions were performed.
 
  A total of 62 candidate hairpins were detected by VMir analysis. Three hairpin structures classified as true precursor miRNAs by miRBoost. Five different mutations were detected in precursor miRNA sequences in 100 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes. Mutations slightly elevated MFE values and entropy in precursor miRNAs. Gene ontology terms associated with fibrotic pathways and immune system were found to be enriched in PANTHER, KEGG and Wiki pathway analysis. PPI analysis showed a network between 60 genes. CytoHubba analysis showed SMAD1 as a hub gene in the network. The targets of the predicted miRNAs, FAM214A, PPM1E, NUFIP2 and FAT4 were downregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected A549 cells.
 
  miRNAs in the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome may contribute to the emergence of the Covid-19 clinic by activating pathways associated with the fibrosis in the cells infected by the virus and modulating the innate immune system. The hub protein between these pathways may be the SMAD1, which has an effective role in TGF signal transduction.
 miRNAs in the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome may contribute to the emergence of the Covid-19 clinic by activating pathways associated with the fibrosis in the cells infected by the virus and modulating the innate immune system. The hub protein between these pathways may be the SMAD1, which has an effective role in TGF signal transduction.Cardiovascular disease covers the various disorders like ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and hypertension etc. There are many synthetic drugs are available for the treatment of cardiovascular therapy, but they have several drawbacks like high dosing, toxicity, elevated blood potassium levels, low blood pressure, and gastrointestinal issues etc. To overcome these side effects of synthetic drugs by targeting the drug to the specific cardiac tissue is the best novel method in the cardiovascular therapy. The highest targeting efficacy of Ligand-based therapy with proper mechanisms and improved expandability provides a novel therapeutic strategy in the cardiovascular disease. Ligand therapy is cost-effective compared to cell-based therapy. The surface area of protein has much larger than the orally bioavailable drug. So, the targeting of various less active drug molecules to the particular ligand can be possible. The efficacy of ligands to induce cardiomyocytes proliferation has been ratified and point out the fact that ligand-based approaches are effective for cardiac transformation. Ligands interact with proteins in target cells, which are influenced through the chemical signals. These various receptors possess selective binding of biased ligands and also energizing the intracellular signaling pathway. The ligands can directly stabilize the active receptor conformations by a non-standard connective site. The key function of ligands is functional selectivity, which enhances the therapeutic efficacy and minimizes the side effects of drugs through the interpretation of signal transduction pathways. This review covers the role and effectiveness of novel ligands in the cardiovascular disorders.
  Gastric absorption apparently is upfront route for drug delivery as it is convenient, economic and mostly suitable for getting the desired systemic effects. Unfortunately, many traditional and newer generation drugs suffer from poor solubility and thereby have lower bioavailability. With a perspective of bringing a novel delivery system in such condition for old/existing/new drugs, liquid filled hard capsules hold promise as delivery system.
 
  An organized state-of-the-art literature review including patents was done to accommodate information on the innovations in technology, processes and applications in the field of liquid filling in hard shell capsules.
 
  The review findings revealed the importance of understanding the impact of liquid filled hard shell capsules would have in use of complex drug molecules specially the ones sensitive to light and moisture. This technology can have diverse functions to be used for both immediate and delayed drug release. Technology point of view the band sealing in such hard-shell capsules helps in providing protection against the tampering of the filled capsule.
 
  The review gives an insight to the understanding of progression in the technology forefront related to formulation development of liquid formulations to be filled in hard shell capsules for better therapeutic potentials and convenience to the patients.
 The review gives an insight to the understanding of progression in the technology forefront related to formulation development of liquid formulations to be filled in hard shell capsules for better therapeutic potentials and convenience to the patients.
  This research aimed at exploring potential new compound in the treatment of osteoporosis by Connectivity Map (CMap) and determining the role of fisetin on osteoporosis according to its effects on PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells.
 
  Microarray analysis was used to obtain the differentially expressed genes in published gene expression data.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  Potent compounds for osteoporosis therapy were discovered by CMap analysis. DAVID and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to discover signaling pathways that connected to osteoporosis disease. Cell viability was evaluated by a CCK-8 assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to test the mRNA and protein expressions related to PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells respectively.
 
  CMap analysis identified fisetin as a promising compound for anti-osteoporosis treatment. DAVID and GSEA analysis showed that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was inactivated in osteoporosis. Cell experiments revealed that fisetin caused an elevation of cell viability, up-regulated the mRNA levels of the runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx), collagen type I 1 (Col1a1) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) while down-regulated the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA level.