This present work is believed to be beneficial to the design and development of active metal catalysts onto nanoelectrodes for the detection of electroactive biological molecules in living cells.Graphical abstract An electroless deposition method was developed for the fabrication of gold nanoparticles onto the carbon nanopipette electrode, which was served as an enhanced electrochemical sensing platform for highly sensitive detection of dopamine with a linear range of 0.1-8 μmol/L and a detection limit of 6 nmol/L, and was also applied in the detection of catecholamines released from PC12 cells.
  Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells resulting in total loss of insulin production. Recent studies have suggested that the destruction may be interrelated to plasma lipids.
 
  Specific lipids have previously been shown to be decreased in children who develop T1D before four years of age. Disturbances of plasma lipids prior to clinical diagnosis of diabetes, if true, may provide a novel way to improve prediction, and monitor disease progression.
 
  A lipidomic approach was utilized to analyze plasma from 67 healthy adolescent subjects (10-15years of age) with or without islet autoantibodies but all with increased genetic risk for T1D. The study subjects were enrolled at birth in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS) study and after 10-15years of follow-up we performed the present cross-sectional analysis. HLA-DRB345, -DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1 and -DPB1 genotypes were determined using next generation sequencing. Lipidomic profiles were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Lipidomics data were analyzed according to genotype.
 
  Variation in levels of several specific phospholipid species were related to level of autoimmunity but not development of T1D. Five glycosylated ceramides were increased in insulin autoantibody (IAA) positive adolescent subjects compared to adolescent subjects without this autoantibody. Additionally, HLA genotypes seemed to influence levels of long chain triacylglycerol (TG).
 
  Lipidomic profiling of adolescent subjects in high risk of T1D may improve sub-phenotyping in this high risk population.
 Lipidomic profiling of adolescent subjects in high risk of T1D may improve sub-phenotyping in this high risk population.
  To compare two reciprocating NiTi systems operated by novices for use in curved root canals.
 
  Fifty mesial roots of extracted mandibular first molars, with 2-2 canal configuration, were scanned with micro-CT and divided into 2 groups according to canal length and curvature Reciproc and WaveOne. Each system was used to prepare one of the two canals by fourth-year dental students, who were new to reciprocating files and were blinded to the system being used. After another scanning, the pre- and post-instrumentation images were compared 3-dimensionally in software.
 
  Some 43 to 46% of the canal wall area remained un-instrumented. Significantly higher proportions of canals were transported towards the isthmus or furcation aspect than the mesial or external aspect. Mean transported distance was the greatest in the coronal one-third. Remaining dentine wall was the thinnest at the furcal aspect near the middle root region. No significant difference was noted between the two brands in the parameters examined.
 
  Both brands of reciprocating file left similar amounts of un-instrumented canal wall, and resulted in similar extent of canal transportation.
 
  NiTi reciprocating files can safely be used by new users to prepare curved root canals into a predictable shape.
 NiTi reciprocating files can safely be used by new users to prepare curved root canals into a predictable shape.
  The present study aims to evaluate two protocols of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on osseointegration and establish one that addresses ideal parameters for its use in dentistry, especially in the optimization of the implants osseointegration process.
 
  Sixty male rats (Wistar) were allocated into three experimental groups control (GC), test A (GTA, 3h exposed), and test B (GTB, 1h exposed). All animals received titanium implants in both tibias, and PEMF application (15Hz, ± 1mT, 5days/week) occurred only in the test groups. They were euthanized at 03, 07, 21, and 45days after PEMF therapy. Removal torque, histomorphometric measurements, three-dimensional radiographic evaluation, and in vitro biological assay analyses were performed.
 
  GTB showed better results compared with GTA in removal torque tests, in bone volume and bone mineral density, cell viability, total protein content, and mineralization nodules (p < 0.05). GTA showed better performance in trabecular bone thickness and cell proliferation compared with GTB (p < 0.05), especially at osseointegration early periods.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ipi-549.html  In the histomorphometric analysis and number of trabeculae, there were no differences in the test groups.
 
  PEMF as a biostimulator was effective in optimizing the events in bone tissue that lead to osseointegration, especially when applied for a shorter time and in the initial periods of bone healing.
 
  The PEMF therapy is an effective alternative method for optimizing bone healing.
 The PEMF therapy is an effective alternative method for optimizing bone healing.
  The aims of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptics in saliva-derived microcosm biofilms, and to examine phenotypic adaption of bacteria upon repeated exposure to sub-inhibitory antiseptic concentrations.
 
  Saliva-derived biofilms were formed mimicking caries- or gingivitis-associated conditions, respectively. Microbial compositions were analyzed by semiconductor-based 16S rRNA sequencing. Biofilms were treated with CHX, CPC, BAC, ALX, and DQC for 1 or 10min, and colony forming units (CFU) were evaluated. Phenotypic adaptation of six selected bacterial reference strains toward CHX, CPC, and BAC was assessed by measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) over 10 passages of sub-inhibitory exposure. Protein expression profiles were investigated by SDS-PAGE.
 
  Both biofilms showed outgrowth of streptococci and Veillonella spp., while gingivitis biofilms also showed increased relative abundances of Actinomyces, Granulicatella, and Gemella spp. Antiseptic treatment for 1min led to no relevant CFU-reductions despite for CPC.