The current study examined how wearing a heavy backpack influences children's street crossing behaviors.
 
  Using a fully-immersive virtual reality system, numerous indices of children's street crossing behaviors (7-13 years) were measured both when wearing a heavy backpack (12% of bodyweight) and when not doing so.
 
  A heavy backpack slowed walking speed. However, any potential increase in risk from this was counteracted by compensatory actions that included the selection of larger inter-vehicle gaps to cross into; greater efficiency in initiating the crossing (reduced start delay); and increased walking speed when in the path of the approaching vehicle. Ultimately, there was no greater risk outcome (time left to spare) compared to children's performance when not wearing a backpack. There were no age or sex differences.
 
  When tested in ways that preserve perceptual-motor coupling in traffic situations, children strategically responded to maintain their safety despite wearing a heavy backpack that slowed their walking speed. Previous conclusions that a backpack increases pedestrian injury risk is likely an artifact of the testing method used.
 When tested in ways that preserve perceptual-motor coupling in traffic situations, children strategically responded to maintain their safety despite wearing a heavy backpack that slowed their walking speed. Previous conclusions that a backpack increases pedestrian injury risk is likely an artifact of the testing method used.
  Safety climate, which is defined as workers' shared perceptions of organizational policies, procedures, and practices as they relate to the true or relative value and importance of safety within an organization, is one of the best indicators of organizational safety outcomes. This study identifies key drivers of safety climate from the perspective of leader-member exchange (LMX). LMX is a theory describing the nature and processes of social interactions between a supervisor and a subordinate. This study examines the impact of individual drivers and combinations of drivers on safety climate through Bayesian Network simulations to predict practices which most effectively improve safety climate in the trucking industry.
 
  Survey data were collected from 5083 truck drivers in a large U.S. trucking company. Bayesian Network analysis was used to identify key drivers (factors) of safety climate and the best joint strategies for improvement.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html  The impact of the drivers on safety climate was assessed and the simulatiorove trucking safety climate are enhancing leaders' ability to engage in high-quality exchanges (e.g., caring about employees), developing training to encourage employees/leaders to deliver on promises, and providing employees with more autonomy to enhance their ownership.
 Based on the study results, the strategies that may have the most potential to improve trucking safety climate are enhancing leaders' ability to engage in high-quality exchanges (e.g., caring about employees), developing training to encourage employees/leaders to deliver on promises, and providing employees with more autonomy to enhance their ownership.This study aimed to reconstruct four real life vehicle-bicycle collisions and evaluates the reconstruction parameters that affect the outcome of head injuries in report based accident reconstructions. A computational model of a car was developed in the multibody software MADYMO (MAthematical DYnamic MOdeling) and was used together with a validated bicycle model and the MADYMO 50 percentile pedestrian model. The accidents were reconstructed through an optimal fit method, based on kinematic and medical information. After the reconstruction, a parametric study on cyclists' movement and accident conditions was performed on the different cases. The velocity of the car and the angle of impact were found to significantly affect the accident outcome. This was demonstrated in terms of head injury criteria such as the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), the peak linear and peak angular velocity and acceleration. It was shown that the severity of the injury increases exponentially with increasing collision velocities. Additionally, the bicycle's parameters; crank rotation, handlebar angle and seat position revealed a large heterogeneity in the results. The maximum alteration between the lowest and highest HIC-value found for a complete crank rotation was a 416 % difference. For a handlebar rotation up to 100° or seat height alteration of maximum 34 cm, this value was respectively 169 % and 294 %. These high percentages of change indicate the need for cycling phase information for case-specific vehicle-bicycle accident reconstructions.
  To investigate the prevalence and nature of adverse events in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pediatric cochlear implant (CI) patients.
 
  Retrospective chart review at a tertiary pediatric hospital. CI patients who underwent MRI from 2004 through 2019 were identified via our internal radiology database. Comorbidities, CI model, age at MRI, number of MRIs, type of MRIs, indication for MRIs, precautions taken for MRIs, quality of MRIs, anesthesia during MRIs, patient language abilities, and adverse events were recorded from the electronic medical record. The literature was reviewed, and our results were compared to those of previous similar series.
 
  From 2004 to 2019, 12 pediatric patients (17 ears) with CIs underwent 22 MRIs. 12 MRIs were performed in CI patients with retained internal magnet. 4/22 MRIs resulted in morbidity; 2 patients experienced pain requiring MRI abortion, 1 experienced magnet rotation requiring surgical replacement, and 1 underwent operative removal of the magnet prior to the scan with surgical replacement thereafter. 19/22 MRIs were performed to evaluate the brain; 17/22 of the radiologic reports noted limitation of evaluation due to artifact. 18/22 MRIs required the administration of anesthesia. 9 of the 22 MRI events involved 2 patients whose CIs had been without internal magnet in anticipation of future MRI requirement.
 
  Adverse events affecting pediatric patients with CI can occur as a result of MRI, despite appropriate precautions. Safety requires consideration of factors unique to a pediatric hearing-impaired population. Clinicians must remain informed on best practices and manufacturer recommendations.
 Adverse events affecting pediatric patients with CI can occur as a result of MRI, despite appropriate precautions. Safety requires consideration of factors unique to a pediatric hearing-impaired population. Clinicians must remain informed on best practices and manufacturer recommendations.