-day mortality. Intellectual disability is associated with higher medical expenditure and increased length of stay in hospital after surgical procedures. The influence of intellectual disability on postoperative outcomes is consistent in both sexes and those aged 10 to 17 years. Low income and a history of fractures significantly impacts postoperative adverse events for patients with intellectual disability.
  Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has been publicly funded in New Zealand for people living with type 1 diabetes since 2012. The aim of the current study was to investigate the loss of access, once obtained, to public-funded CSII. The frequency and socio-demographics of access, and loss, to CSII spanning the period 2012 to 2018 were examined.
 
  Nationally held data collections including the New Zealand Virtual Diabetes Register were used to calculate the overall and subgroup proportions using and ceasing CSII. A logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios for pump use for the predictor variables (sex, age group, ethnicity and deprivation index) and to calculate odds ratios for pump cessation for the same demographic factors.
 
  Once CSII access is obtained, approximately 4% per year cease CSII in a subsequent year. This cessation of publicly funded CSII was not distributed equally among the population, showing over-representation in youth (aged 10-29years) and non-Europeans, in particular Māori and Pasifika. Compounding this, it remains less likely for people with diabetes to initially access publicly funded CSII in New Zealand if they are non-European and more socio-economically deprived.
 
  In New Zealand, Māori and Pasifika, as well as youth, are over-represented in the cessation of CSII in comparison with Europeans and all other age groups. These groups are also less likely to gain initial access to public funding. Efforts to understand and reduce these disparities are needed, including review of current public funding access criteria.
 In New Zealand, Māori and Pasifika, as well as youth, are over-represented in the cessation of CSII in comparison with Europeans and all other age groups. These groups are also less likely to gain initial access to public funding. Efforts to understand and reduce these disparities are needed, including review of current public funding access criteria.
  Tacrolimus therapy in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is challenging due to its narrow therapeutic window and pharmacokinetic variability both between patients and within a single patient. Intrapatient variability (IPV) of tacrolimus trough concentrations has become a novel marker of interest for predicting transplant outcomes. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the association of tacrolimus IPV with graft and patient outcomes and identify interventions to improve IPV in SOT recipients.
 
  A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed and Embase from database inception to September 20, 2020. Studies were eligible only if they evaluated an association between tacrolimus IPV and transplant outcomes. Both pediatric and adult studies were included.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sbfi-26.html  Measures of variability were limited to standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and time in therapeutic range.
 
  Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were published between 2008 and 2020 and were observational in nature. Majority of data were published in adult kidney transplant recipients and identified an association with rejection, de novo donor specific antibody (dnDSA) formation, graft loss, and patient survival. Evaluation of IPV-directed interventions was limited to small preliminary studies.
 
  High tacrolimus IPV has been associated with poor outcomes including acute rejection, dnDSA formation, graft loss, and patient mortality in SOT recipients. Future research should prospectively explore IPV-directed interventions to improve transplant outcomes.
 High tacrolimus IPV has been associated with poor outcomes including acute rejection, dnDSA formation, graft loss, and patient mortality in SOT recipients. Future research should prospectively explore IPV-directed interventions to improve transplant outcomes.We describe an X-linked syndrome in 13 male patients from a single family with three generations affected. Patients presented prenatally or during the neonatal period with intrauterine growth retardation, ventriculomegaly, hydrocephalus, hypotonia, congenital heart defects, hypospadias, and severe neurodevelopmental delay. The disease is typically fatal during infancy, mainly due to sepsis (pneumonias). Female carriers are asymptomatic. We performed genome sequencing in four individuals and identified a unique candidate variant in the OTUD5 gene (NM_017602.3c.598G > A, p.Glu200Lys). The variant cosegregated with the disease in 10 tested individuals. OTUD5 was considered as a candidate gene based on two previous missense variants detected in patients with intellectual disability. In conclusion, we define a syndrome associated with OTUD5 defects and add compelling evidence of genotype-phenotype association. This finding ended the long diagnostic odyssey of this family.The prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during rituximab treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is important in the HBV-endemic area. This population-based study examines the impact of antiviral prophylaxis for DLBCL patients with HBV infections. We identified 3702 adult patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL between 2011 and 2015 receiving R-CHOP, R-CVP, CHOP or CVP from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. We further stratified them into three groups HBsAg-negative patients (HBV-negative, N = 2921), HBV carriers who received antiviral prophylaxis (HBV + Px, N = 711), and HBV carriers who did not receive antiviral prophylaxis (HBV + No Px, N = 70). HBV + Px patients were the youngest, and 69·4% received entecavir for antiviral prophylaxis. The median overall survival (mOS) of HBV-negative and HBV + Px patients was similar (74·23 months and not reached, respectively). However, the mOS of HBV + No Px patients was only 35·61 months (P = 0·0028 compared with HBV + Px patients), indicating that antiviral prophylaxis improves OS in HBsAg-positive DLBCL patients.