Objective To produce high concentrations of 13-hydroxy-14,15-epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid (14,15-hepoxilin B3, 14,15-HXB3) and 13,14,15-trihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (13,14,15-trioxilin B3, 13,14,15-TrXB3) from arachidonic acid (ARA) using microbial 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) without and with epoxide hydrolase (EH), respectively. Results The products obtained from the bioconversion of ARA by recombinant Escherichia coli cells containing Archangium violaceum 15-LOX without and with Myxococcus xanthus EH were identified as 14,15-HXB3 and 13,14,15-TrXB3, respectively. Under the optimal conditions of 30 g cells L-1, 200 mM ARA, 25 °C, and initial pH 7.5, the cells converted 200 mM ARA into 192 mM 14,15-HXB3 and 100 mM 13,14,15-TrXB3 for 150 min, with conversion yields of 96 and 51% and productivities of 77 and 40 mM h-1, respectively. Conclusion These are the highest concentrations, productivities, and yields of hepoxilin and trioxilin from ARA reported thus far.This study was aimed at improving the thermostability of dextran glucosidase PspAG97A, a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 97, from Pseudoalteromonas sp. K8. A total of 9 lysine residues were chosen using the TKSA-MC program based on the optimization of surface charge-charge interactions and were mutated to glutamate for shifting the enzyme's isoelectric point off its optimum pH value. Three mutants K75E, K363E and K420E showed enhanced thermostability. The triple mutant, K75E/K363E/K420E, was found to be the best with a 7.3-fold increase in half-life (t1/2) at 33 °C compared to that of the wild-type (WT). Most importantly, this mutant showed comparable enzymatic activity to that of the WT protein. Structural modelling demonstrated that increased surface charge-charge interactions and optimization of surface hydrophobic and electrostatic contacts contributed to the improved thermostability displayed by K75E/K363E/K420E.Purpose Analysis of interactions of spinal alignment metrics may uncover novel alignment parameters, similar to PI-LL. This study utilized a data-driven approach to hypothesis generation by testing all possible division interactions between spinal alignment parameters. Methods This study was a retrospective cohort analysis. In total, 1439 patients with baseline ODI were included for hypothesis generation. In total, 666 patients had 2-year postoperative follow-up and were included for validation. All possible combinations of division interactions between baseline metrics were assessed with linear regression against baseline ODI. Results From 247 raw alignment metrics, 32,398 division interactions were considered in hypothesis generation. Conceptually, the TPA divided by PI is a measure of the relative alignment of the line connecting T1 to the femoral head and the line perpendicular to the sacral endplate. The mean TPA/PI was 0.41 at baseline and 0.30 at 2 years postoperatively. Higher TPA/PI was associated with worse baseline ODI (p 0.2 exhibited inferior ODI scores. Level of evidence III.Objective To raise the diagnostic criteria, classification and treatment strategy of dynamic sagittal imbalance (DSI). Methods One hundred thirty-three adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients with stooping and back pain after walking were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the radiographic parameters and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, the diagnostic criteria of DSI were raised. DSI patients received nonoperative treatment and (or) surgery. Radiographic parameters and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes would be measured and compared between prewalk and postwalk and among each subgroup. Results One hundred thirty-three ASD patients with stooping and back pain after walking were enrolled in our study. The quantitative diagnostic criteria was prewalk SVA 0.05). Patients who received the operative treatment showed prominent improvement in ΔSVA and clinical outcomes (P less then 0.001). Conclusion Our study proposed a quantitative diagnostic criteria and novel classification of DSI. Nonoperative treatment is effective for most DSI patients with ΔSVA less then 100 mm, while the majority of DSI patients with ΔSVA ≥ 100 mm need operative intervention.Purpose To investigate GAP scores in an asymptomatic cohort of adults, including older adults with age-expected changes in spinal alignment. Methods One hundred and twenty asymptomatic volunteers underwent full-body radiographic scans. Demographics and sagittal radiographic parameters (pelvic incidence, sacral slope, L1-S1 lordosis, L4-S1 lordosis, and global tilt) were measured and GAP scores calculated (www.gapcalculator.com). Mann-Whitney U test compared groups. Results Eighty-five individuals (65 female, average age 48 ± 16 years, BMI 27 ± 6 kg/cm2) were analyzed. The median GAP score was that of a proportioned spine (0, range 0-10). 20% were moderately disproportioned and 6% were severely disproportioned. The mean relative pelvic version, relative lumbar lordosis (RLL), lumbar distribution index (LDI), and relative spinopelvic alignment were all considered aligned, although the mean RLL and LDI scores were both greater than 1. When categorized by age ( less then 60 years, ≥ 60 years), the median GAP score of the younger group was 0 (normal), while the median GAP score of the older cohort was 1 (normal) and different from the younger group (p less then 0.001). Conclusion Most patients in this asymptomatic, nonoperative cohort were normally proportioned. However, a large percentage of asymptomatic volunteers were moderately or severely disproportioned. Older patients had higher scores, indicating some disproportion. There was also a small number of severely sagittally misaligned and poorly proportioned, yet asymptomatic, volunteers. Further refinement of individualized targets is needed to determine the effect on mechanical complications and quality of life given the divergent recommendations of age-adjusted targets and GAP targets.Background Potential drug-drug interactions are important factors resulting in adverse drug reactions or therapeutic failure. Therefore, potential drug-drug interactions need to be identified to prevent the related risk and improve drug safety. Objective This study was designed to determine the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions and investigate the association of potential drug-drug interactions with characteristics in outpatient prescriptions. Setting A large-scale general university hospital in Jinshan District of Shanghai, China. Method The retrospective study was conducted on data obtained from prescriptions containing two or more drugs, written for outpatients older than 18 years.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html  They were screened for potential drug-drug interactions using Lexi-Interact in UpToDate, Stockley's Drug Interactions and Medicine Specification in the order of priority. Main outcome measure Drug-drug interactions with C, D, X risk rating and clinical parameters recorded at the prescriptions. Results 16,120 prescriptions were screened for the presence of potential drug-drug interactions and 4882 (30.