Armenia has been in a conflict with its neighbor, Azerbaijan, since 1988. Civilians in Tavush Province are regularly affected by ceasefire violations along the armed border with recent escalations further threatening the population's safety. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns regarding the mental health of border village residents in Armenia are prevalent. We present context-related factors of psychiatric illness, the prevalence of mental health disorders, and the state of mental health services in Armenia. We recommend directing greater attention towards the mental health status of civilians residing in conflict zones during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Domestic violence (DV) by husbands or in-laws is a recognized problem in many countries and is associated with a wide range of adverse mental health outcomes. However, detailed knowledge on the relationship between DV experience and postpartum depression (PPD) is essential to design appropriate interventions. Therefore, this study assesses the relationship between maternal experience of DV perpetrated by husbands or in-laws and PPD in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October to December 2019 among 497 mothers within the first 6months postpartum who attended a health center in Rajshahi City Corporation, Bangladesh. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify the associations after controlling for potential confounders. The prevalence of PPD in this sample was 34% within the first 6months after birth; 58.6% of mothers reported having experienced any form of DV in their lifetime. Maternal experience of any form of DV (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-2.93) was associated with PPD, as were experiences of any physical DV (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.40-3.59), emotional DV (AOR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.34-3.19), and controlling behavior (AOR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.08-2.66). Additionally, the likelihood of PPD significantly increased among women who experienced more forms of DV. DV perpetrated by husband and/or in-laws is highly prevalent and significantly associated with PPD in Bangladesh. Strategies in developing interventions for improving maternal mental health should consider DV perpetrated by either husband or in-laws. DV perpetrated by husband and/or in-laws is highly prevalent and significantly associated with PPD in Bangladesh. Strategies in developing interventions for improving maternal mental health should consider DV perpetrated by either husband or in-laws. The present study examined the prospective association of neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism with risk of hospital diagnosed mental disorder, examining intelligence as a potential confounder of this association. A total of 1118 Danish men and women completed the Eysenck personality questionnaire at the mean age of 27years. Information on psychiatric diagnoses was obtained by linking the study population to the national Danish psychiatric registers, and risk of diagnoses associated with each personality trait was examined using multiple Cox regression in models including the three personality traits unadjusted and adjusted for intelligence. Participants with diagnosis from a psychiatric department prior to the personality assessment were excluded. In total, 122 participants were diagnosed with a mental disorder during follow-up. Neuroticism significantly predicted risk of anxiety-, adjustment-, personality- and alcohol and substance abuse diagnoses. Extraversion did not significantly predict any diagnosis type, while psychoticism predicted a combined category of mood and anxiety diagnoses. Despite intelligence being a significant predictor of the majority of the included diagnoses, adjusting for intelligence did not substantially influence any trait-disorder associations. The results confirm high neuroticism as a prospective vulnerability factor for mental disorder and indicate high psychoticism to be a potential risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders. These associations are not confounded by intelligence. The results confirm high neuroticism as a prospective vulnerability factor for mental disorder and indicate high psychoticism to be a potential risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders. These associations are not confounded by intelligence. Studies have reported children born by caesarean section are more likely to have lower cognitive outcomes compared to those born by vaginal delivery. This paper reviews the literature examining caesarean birth and offspring cognitive outcomes. A systematic search for observational studies or case-control studies that compared cognitive outcomes of people born by caesarean section with those born by vaginal delivery was conducted in six databases (Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science) from inception until December 2019 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were assessed for quality and a narrative synthesis was undertaken considering the evidence for a causal relationship according to the Bradford Hill Criteria. A total of seven studies were identified. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Puromycin-2HCl.html Of these, four found a significant association between elective and emergency caesarean birth and reduction in offspring cognitive performance as measured by g variables and (c) have valid outcome measures of cognition. Although patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have several risk factors for ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI), the reported incidence of hospital-acquired infections is low. We aimed to determine the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, as compared to influenza pneumonia or no viral infection, and the incidence of VA-LRTI. Multicenter retrospective European cohort performed in 36 ICUs. All adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation > 48h were eligible if they had SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, influenza pneumonia, or no viral infection at ICU admission. VA-LRTI, including ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), were diagnosed using clinical, radiological and quantitative microbiological criteria. All VA-LRTI were prospectively identified, and chest-X rays were analyzed by at least two physicians. Cumulative incidence of first episodes of VA-LRTI was estimated using the Kalbfleisch and Prentice method, and compared using Fine-and Gray models.