Background Traumatic elbow arthrotomies are common injuries evaluated for by orthopedic services; however, failed identification of a traumatic arthrotomy leads to a high risk of developing septic arthritis. Currently these injuries are evaluated by either a saline load test or a computed tomography (CT) scan, yet there is little published evidence regarding detection of traumatic elbow arthrotomies. Hypothesis In our study, we hypothesized better sensitivity and specificity of detecting a traumatic elbow arthrotomy with a CT scan over a saline load test. Study design Descriptive cadaveric laboratory study. Methods Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric transhumeral upper extremity amputation specimens were thawed for trial.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly333531.html  Specimens were brought through CT scan prior to arthrotomy, arthrotomy was made, and then post arthrotomy a repeat CT scan was performed. A saline load test was then performed after all CT scans were completed. Results Zero CT scans before (0/10) and after (0/10) the arthrotomies were positive for intra-articular air in the elbow joint with a 0% sensitivity and specificity. The saline load test had an average positive test at 19 mL with a 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusion After our study and based on the recommendations of the brief literature on this topic, we advise evaluating for traumatic elbow arthrotomies with a saline load test as the primary method of detection.Background The use of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has dramatically increased in recent years with the advent of new prosthesis designs regularly entering the market. We define the rate of local complications during the first 2 years after RTSA with the Univers Revers prosthesis and describe the changes in radiologic outcomes, as well as function, pain, satisfaction, and quality of life. Methods This multicenter, prospective case series included rotator cuff tear arthropathy patients who underwent RTSA with the Univers Revers. Incidence percentages of complications and pathologic radiographic changes were documented. Mixed-model linear regression was used to examine changes in range of motion, shoulder function (Constant score, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, Subjective Shoulder Value), and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L [European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Level] and EQ-VAS [EuroQol Visual Analog Scale]). Results Of 187 patients, 59.4% were women, and the mean age was 75.3 years (range, 56-9 patient-reported outcomes for the Univers Revers. Long-term safety requires further investigation.Introduction Cuba has the lowest infant mortality rate in Latin America, while Chile has an infant mortality rate above the average of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Objective To compare the epidemiology of infant mortality between Chile and Cuba in order to find characteristics that may explain the differences found. Method Comparative analysis between Chile and Cuba of infant mortality rate, causes of mortality, live birth weight, and maternal age, in 2015. Results Cuba had a lower infant, neonatal, early and late mortality than Chile, with no differences in post-neonatal mortality. Chile had a higher infant mortality due to, alterations of the nervous system, urinary system, chromosomal alterations, respiratory distress syndrome, and disorders related to the short duration of gestation. Chile had a higher frequency of mothers ≥ 35 years old and live births weighing ≤ 2,500 g. The possible effects of health inequities could not be analyzed due to lack of data. Conclusions It is possible to attribute the lower infant mortality rate in Cuba to selective abortion due to congenital malformations and chromosomal anomalies, lower epidemiological risk of the Cuban pregnant population, and lower frequency of live births with low birth weight.Objectives To assess the prevalence of active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among college students in the north of Portugal, and analyze the relationship between knowledge about tobacco use and attitudes toward smoking. Materials and methods This a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of college students (n=840) in one university in Portugal. A validated self-reported questionnaire was administered to a proportional stratified random sample during the academic year of 2018/2019. We evaluated associations between smoking status, SHS exposure, smokers peers, knowledge and attitudes toward smoking and sociodemographic variables. Results The results showed that 20.1% of the students surveyed were current smokers (7.3% occasional smokers, 2.9% regular smokers and 9.9% daily smokers). Most current smokers started smoking before the age of 17 (61.4%) and reported never having tried to quit smoking (59.7%). Only 34.4% of students reported (almost) not having been in enclosed spaces with smokers in the past 7 days. Exposure to SHS and having smoker friends contributes to the prevalence of tobacco use. In general, students showed favorable attitudes toward smoking, especially those who are smokers, have smoking friends and are more exposed to SHS. The level of knowledge about tobacco was moderate, with a higher number of correct responses by former smokers. Conclusions These results suggests an urgent need for socio-educational programs for counseling on smoking cessation. In addition, is also strongly recommended that, throughout academic training, students develop personal and social skills for dealing with the tobacco epidemic.Background We examined the feasibility, efficacy and safety of slow low-dose oral immunotherapy (SLOIT) for egg, milk, wheat allergies, with accepted severity-stratified initial and maintenance doses. Methods Children with food allergies defined by low-dose oral food challenges (LD-OFCs) to hen's egg (cumulative protein dose up to 983 mg, n = 133), cow's milk (287 mg, n = 50), and wheat (226 mg, n = 45) were recruited. Participants were divided into two groups [SLOIT and control (complete avoidance]) based on their preferences. Participants who selected SLOIT were instructed to take the safe dose daily, with monthly increases, aiming to increase the dose by 10 times in one year. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who passed the LD-OFCs following 1 year of therapy. Results The participants in SLOIT group ingested their antigen 92.9% of the therapy's day on average. The proportion of participants who passed LD-OFCs was 35.9% (61/170) in the SLOIT group and 8.7% (4/46) in the control group (P less then .