AIM The aims were to characterize pediatric medication errors and to identify the prevalence of known high-alert substances in these errors. METHODS All pediatric drug-related incident reports and complaints nationally reported to the Health and Social Care Inspectorate in Sweden 2011-2017 regarding inpatients were characterized by context and modal details. In addition, drug use at a university hospital was matched to local incident reports. Drug substances were classified using three high-alert lists. RESULTS On a national level, there were 160 reports (2.5 per 10,000 patients) in which the three high-alert lists were found in different degrees (17/35/47%). Morphine (n=12), vancomycin (n=11) and potassium (n=7) were most frequently involved.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/terephthalic-acid.html  Eighty percent of the reports concerned patients aged 0-6 years. Intravenous was the most common route of administration (66%). On a university hospital level, the prevalence of all types of drug incidents reports was 1.7% among all inpatients. The prevalence of local incident reports involving high-alert substances was almost double that of non-alert substances. CONCLUSION Existing high-alert drug lists are relevant for pediatric inpatients. A higher awareness and usage of such lists among hospital staff prescribing, dispensing and administering drugs to children may have the potential to reduce medication errors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) not only stimulates focal target structures but also affects distributed brain networks. The impact this network modulation has on non-motor DBS effects is not well characterized. By focusing on the affective domain, we systematically investigate the impact of electrode placement and associated structural connectivity on changes in depressive symptoms following STN-DBS which have been reported to improve, worsen or remain unchanged. METHODS Depressive symptoms before and after STN-DBS surgery were documented in 116 PD patients from three DBS centers (Berlin, Queensland, Cologne). Based on individual electrode reconstructions, the volumes of tissue activated (VTA) were estimated and combined with normative connectome data to identify structural connections passing through VTAs. Berlin and Queensland cohorts formed a training and cross-validation dataset used to identify structural connectivity explaining change in depressive symptoms. The Cologne data served as test-set for which depressive symptom change was predicted. RESULTS Structural connectivity was linked to depressive symptom change under STN-DBS. An optimal connectivity map trained on the Berlin cohort could predict changes in depressive symptoms in Queensland patients and vice versa. Furthermore, the joint training-set map predicted changes in depressive symptoms in the independent test-set. Worsening of depressive symptoms was associated with left prefrontal connectivity. INTERPRETATION Fibers linking the STN electrode with left prefrontal areas predicted worsening of depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that for the left STN-DBS lead, placement impacting fibers to left prefrontal areas should be avoided to maximize improvement of depressive symptoms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PURPOSE To learn more about the association between social media use disorder and alexithymia among Lebanese people. DESIGN/METHODS Four hundred fifty-six residents participated in this cross-sectional study which was carried out between January and December 2018. FINDINGS The results showed that 107 (23.7%) participants were classified as having social media use disorder. Higher social media use disorder score (β = .52), higher perceived stress (β = .35), and higher depression (β = .12) were significantly associated with more alexithymia. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Our results have shown that social media use disorder and being depressed and stressed were associated with higher levels of alexithymia. Psychologists/health practitioners can benefit from these findings in their future prevention and intervention plans. People who negatively utilize social media platforms can then be offered with appropriate counseling and coping mechanisms. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in plant pathology, broadening our understanding of how pathogens colonize their hosts. To manipulate host cell physiology and subvert plant immune responses, pathogens secrete an array of effector proteins. A co-evolutionary arms-race drives the pathogen to constantly reinvent its effector repertoire to undermine plant immunity. In turn, hosts develop novel immune receptors to maintain effector recognition and mount defences. Understanding how effectors promote disease, and how they are perceived by the plant's defence network, persist as major subjects in the study of plant-pathogen interactions. Here, we focus on recent advances (last ~2 years) in understanding structure/function relationships in effectors from bacteria and filamentous plant pathogens. Structure/function studies of bacterial effectors frequently uncover diverse catalytic activities, while structure-informed similarity searches have enabled cataloguing of filamentous pathogen effectors. We also suggest how such advances have informed the study of plant-pathogen interactions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Lung ultrasound (LU) has rapidly become a tool for assessment of patients stricken by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Over the past two and a half months (January, February, and first half of March 2020) we have used this modality for identification of lung involvement along with pulmonary severity in patients with suspected or documented COVID-19 infection. Use of LU has helped us in clinical decision making and reduced the use of both chest x-rays and computed tomography (CT). © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Animal trainers and others often recommend the use of jackpot reinforcers, which are disproportionally large and come as a "surprise" to the animals. Because the actual behavioral effects of these jackpots remain uninvestigated, many basic questions about their use and even definition are unanswered. This series of experiments explored the definitions of jackpots using several different behavioral tests with both rats and pigeons. Because the original description of a jackpot resembled the reinstatement of previously reinforced and extinguished responding with response-independent deliveries of reinforcer, reinstatement effects of a jackpot, defined by its quality, were examined with rats in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, response-potentiating effects of response-independent and -dependent deliveries of a jackpot, defined by its quantity, were assessed with pigeons when responding had nearly ceased. The response-potentiating effects of the frequency of jackpot-reinforcer delivery were investigated when responding of pigeons was maintained in single (Experiment 3) or concurrent (Experiment 4) schedules of reinforcement.