SVV and PPV increased with increasing airway pressure, despite the increase in right atrial transmural pressure. Right ventricular stroke volume variation correlated with indicators of right ventricular afterload. This behavior was observed in both PEEP levels and all volume states. Stroke volume variation may reflect changes in right ventricular afterload rather than changes in preload.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Stroke volume variation and pulse pressure variation are used as indicators of preload or volume responsiveness of the heart. Our study shows that these variations are influenced by changes in right ventricular afterload and may therefore reflect right ventricular failure rather than pure volume responsiveness. A zone of collapse detaches the superior vena cava and its diameter variation from the right atrium.The combination of the noradrenergic agent atomoxetine plus the antimuscarinic oxybutynin has recently been shown to improve upper airway physiology and reduce obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html  However, the effects of different antimuscarinics when combined with atomoxetine is limited. This study aimed to determine the effects of atomoxetine combined with two different antimuscarinics with varying M-subtype receptor selectivity on OSA severity and upper airway physiology. Ten people with predominantly severe OSA completed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Participants completed three overnight in-laboratory sleep studies after either 80 mg atomoxetine + 5 mg solifenacin succinate (ato-sol) or 80 mg atomoxetine + 2 mg biperiden hydrochloride (ato-bip) or placebo. OSA severity, ventilatory stability (loop gain), respiratory-arousal threshold (via epiglottic manometry), next-day subjective sleepiness [Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS)], and alertness were compared between coon sleep and breathing and are important for pharmacotherapy development for OSA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In contrast to recent findings of major reductions in OSA severity when atomoxetine is combined with a nonspecific antimuscarinic, oxybutynin (broad M-subtype receptor selectivity), addition of solifenacin succinate (M2 and M3 muscarinic receptor selectivity) or biperiden (M1 muscarinic receptor selectivity) with atomoxetine had modest effects on upper airway function during sleep, which provide mechanistic insight into the role of noradrenergic and antimuscarinic agents on sleep and breathing and are important for pharmacotherapy development for OSA.
  In the United States, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) disproportionately affect men who have sex with men (MSM) and transwomen of color. Partner services can prevent STI transmission by facilitating testing and treatment for partners of individuals diagnosed with an STI. Understanding client perspectives towards partner services is critical to their acceptance and uptake. This study examined perceptions, experiences, and preferences for partner services among Black and Latino MSM and transwomen in North Carolina.
 
  We conducted seven audio-recorded focus groups in English (
  = 5) and Spanish (
  = 2). The audio was transcribed verbatim and we inductively analyzed data using field notes, systematic coding, and thematic comparison.
 
  Black MSM reported the most exposure and experiences with partner services, and most perceived partner services negatively. Feeling supported and having flexibility characterized positive experiences with partner services among Black MSM; feeling judged or harassed characterized negative experiences. Black transwomen had less exposure to partner services and had a mix of positive reactions to the approach, along with concerns about client confidentiality. Most Latino participants were unaware of partner services and expressed openness to their potential. All participants preferred self-notifying and wanted flexible, discreet, supportive partner services with linkages to other wellness resources.
 
  Building off positive partner services experiences and responding to client preferences can enhance trust, acceptability, and service use.
 Building off positive partner services experiences and responding to client preferences can enhance trust, acceptability, and service use.Purpose Despite the emphasis on using evidence-based practice for patient care, as clinicians, we sometimes find that there is insufficient evidence to support our clinical practices. One example of this is the "contentious" inclusion of routine, standardized visualization of the esophagus during modified barium swallow studies (MBSSs). This review sought to investigate the evidence for inclusion of routine esophageal visualization during the MBSS, a practice that is supported by the long-established interrelationship between all aspects of the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal swallowing continuum. Method Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed to identify articles that met prespecified inclusion and exclusion terms. Results Five articles were included in this review, which identified that esophageal findings were present in 48.67% of those participants whose MBSS included esophageal visualization. Conclusion This review supports a standardized, validated, reliable visualization protocol of the esophagus during the MBSS as a critical component to the accurate diagnosis and formulation of treatment recommendations for patients with swallowing disorders.
  To report unusual associations, atypical clinical presentations, and outcomes of tailored treatment of viral uveitis and glaucoma.
 
  Patients diagnosed with viral uveitis with associated glaucoma, seen at a tertiary eye care center between 2013 and 2020, were screened. Twenty-four patients with unclassified or atypical clinical presentations of viral uveitis, atypical clinical course, or with diagnostic challenges and associated glaucoma, were included. Patients with classical features of viral anterior or posterior uveitis, other forms of autoimmune/infectious/traumatic uveitis, were excluded.
 
  Viral re-activation causing recurrent choroidals after glaucoma filtering surgery responsive to systemic antiviral therapy, massive pigment dusting/plume as a presenting feature, multiple progressive focal anterior synechiae similar to iridocorneoendothelial (ICE) syndrome, were seen in this cohort of unusual viral uveitis in glaucoma. A high index of suspicion helped diagnose a viral etiology in cases with high intraocular pressure (IOP) after uneventful Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery (AGV) or post-YAG capsulotomy laser, presumed Posner-Schlossman syndrome with multiple recurrences or presumed steroid glaucoma.