duction in periodontal clinical parameters (periodontal depth and clinical attachment loss) in chronic periodontitis patients treated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive procedure to conventional scaling and root planing. This improvement was associated with periodontal pathogen reduction and increase in the healthy subgingival microbiome.
  To evaluate the retinal and choroidal microstructural changes at fovea after half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
 
  The study included 35 eyes with unilateral chronic CSC treated with half-dose PDT. The foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in the affected eyes were compared with baseline measurements at month 1, 3, and 6 after half-dose PDT, and those of the healthy contralateral eyes.
 
  The mean baseline ONL thickness of the affected eyes was thinner compared to unaffected fellow eyes (66.9±16.5μm vs 111.5±11.6μm, p<0.001), and increased significantly to 68.6±17.0μm at month 3 and 68.9±17.3μm at month 6 after treatment (p=0.025 and p=0.014 respectively). The mean baseline SFCT of the affected eyes was thicker compared to unaffected fellow eyes (399.9±87.0μm vs 338.2±75.4μm, p<0.001), and decreased significantly after treatment at month 1, 3, and 6 (374.0±84.8μm, 369.7±81.8μm, 367.3±80.8μm respectively, p<0.001 for all). The responder group (n=26), in which subretinal fluid was completely resorbed, showed a significant increase in ONL thickness and decrease in SFCT after treatment, whereas in the non-responder group (n=9) ONL thickness and SFCT did not differ after treatment.
 
  In CSC patients, significant changes are observed in foveal ONL thickness and SFCT after half-dose PDT. ONL thickness and SFCT are suggested to be considered in the OCT examinations of CSC patients.
 In CSC patients, significant changes are observed in foveal ONL thickness and SFCT after half-dose PDT. ONL thickness and SFCT are suggested to be considered in the OCT examinations of CSC patients.
  This study aimed to assess changes in the fluorescence characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis in human dentine over a period of 24h following treatment with endodontic irrigants.
 
  Sterilised, non-functional extracted third molars were embedded in acrylic resin and uniformly sectioned into 2mm thick dentine sections. After the removal of smear layer, the dentine sections were inoculated with E. faecalis and cultured for 7 days. The infected dentine sections were subsequently treated with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H
  O
  ). Bacterial fluorescence readings were assessed at different time points using a calibrated laser device. All data were assessed for normality (Kolmogorov Smirnoff test) and analysed using ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests.
 
  Fluorescence readings were quenched when E. faecalis infected human dentine sections were treated with oxidizing irrigants in vitro. Throughout a 24-hour period, fluorescence recovered in part but did not return to baseline level.
 
  The fluorescence quenching effect of these oxidizing agents needs to be considered when using laser fluorescence in assessing the quality of root canal debridement or disinfection.
 The fluorescence quenching effect of these oxidizing agents needs to be considered when using laser fluorescence in assessing the quality of root canal debridement or disinfection.Including the jawline in aesthetic assessment has become increasingly popular when using both surgical and nonsurgical techniques. Facial aging processes include bone resorption, fat pad atrophy, and a breakdown of the quality of collagen and elastin in the skin. To provide optimal treatment of the jawline using nonsurgical techniques, it is important to consider all of these aspects before planning treatment. Men and women have different facial aging processes and ideal facial ratios that must be respected. The objective of this article is to discuss the use of botulinum toxin A and hyaluronic acid filler injectable treatments, deoxycholic acid injectable treatments, and cryolipolysis treatments and explain how these treatments can be utilized for optimal rejuvenation of the jawline and perioral area.Undergoing a rhinoplasty can affect an individual's mental health either positively or negatively, depending upon how he or she perceives the results. Because of the impact that rhinoplasty may have on an individual's mental health and the cost of this surgery, it is important to understand the reasons that men decide to undergo rhinoplasty and the challenges they face when making the decision to have a rhinoplasty. Using a grounded theory method, we collected data by conducting interviews with 20 participants. We analyzed the data and initially obtained 684 initial codes. After we removed duplicate codes and carefully analyzed participants' interviews, a total of 497 codes remained.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ginkgolic-acid-s9432.html  We developed these codes into 10 main categories and 32 subcategories. We found that the causal factors affecting the decision of Iranian men to undergo rhinoplasty included the following 5 categories a lack of confidence; a desire to improve their appearance; a desire for attention from others; a need to keep up with the Joneses (i.e., a desire to show that one is as good as other people by getting what others have and doing what others do); and persuasion by others. Intervening factors affecting the decision of Iranian men to undergo rhinoplasty included the following 4 categories family challenge; social atmosphere; financial problems; and unwanted consequences. Iranian men make the decision to undergo rhinoplasty by overcoming and ignoring these intervening factors. The primary variable in participants' decision to undergo rhinoplasty was the desire to improve their appearance.Women undergoing breast reconstruction sometimes have unrealistic or unformed expectations regarding the reconstructive process and outcomes. The objectives of this study were to assess preoperative expectations in women undergoing mastectomy and initial breast reconstruction, provide expectations-based education, and evaluate satisfaction with education. Fifty-one women undergoing mastectomy and breast tissue expander placement participated in this study. At a preoperative education appointment, participants completed a questionnaire to determine whether their expectations were realistic, unrealistic, or unformed. A nurse practitioner reviewed the results and provided patient-centered, expectations-based education to modify expectations from unrealistic to realistic or to set expectations from unformed to realistic. Four to 6 weeks after surgery, a second questionnaire was provided to assess perceived satisfaction with education. Unrealistic and unformed expectations were identified related to complications, pain, scarring, sensation, symmetry, and aesthetic results.