RESULTS E2 administration significantly increased IL2 and PCA3 mRNA expressions, and PSA protein expression. It also increased the prostate wet weight and body weight, and lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels, decreased the glutathione and antioxidant enzyme levels, and caused distinct histological alterations in the prostate gland. OPE and/or Se markedly improved all the studied parameters due to their antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION OPE and Se showed protective effects against 17β-estradiol-induced chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. These results suggest that protection of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis by OPE+Se combination involves anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. Moreover, their synergistic mechanism was mostly achieved via the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation processes. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND & PURPOSE In evaluating new drugs for the treatment of various types of cancer, investigations have been made to discover a variety of anti-tumor compounds with less side effects on normal cells. Investigations have shown that the heterodimers S100A8 and S100A9 inhibit the enzyme casein kinase 2 and then prevents the activation of the E7 oncoprotein. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calprotectinas antitumor compound on the Nalm6 (B cell precursor leukemia cell line). MATERIAL & METHODS Transformation of genes encoding S100A8 and S100A9 human, designed in the pQE32 plasmid, was performed by thermal shock method into E. coli M15 bacteria. After bacterial growth in LB medium, the expression of two S100A8 and S100A9 subunits the solubility of the protein by SDS-PAGE method was determined. Finally, the S100A8 / A9 complex was equally placed in the microtube. In the next step, the cytotoxic effects of calprotein produced on the Nalm6 cell line were evaluated using the wst1 test. Then, the apoptosis in these cells was measured using flow cytometry methods with Annexin-V coloration. RESULTS In the current study the results showed that cytotoxic effects of Calprotectin is time and concentration dependent. So, it can reduce the tumor expression and had beneficial effect by induced apoptosis in Nalm6 cell line. CONCLUSION Calprotectin has anti-tumor effect on Nalm6 cell line by increasing apoptosis. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Acute ischemic brain injury is a serious disease that severely endangers the life safety of patients. Such disease is hard to predict and highly lethal with very limited effective treatments currently. Although currently,there are drug therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, rehabilitation therapy and other treatments in clinical practice, it is not significantly effective for patients when situation is severe. Thus scientists must explore more effective treatments. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a strong potential of self-renewal and differentiate into various types of tissues and organs. The emergence of them has bring new hopes for overcoming difficult diseases, further improving medical technology and promoting the development of modern medicine. Some combining therapies and genetically modified stem cell therapy have also been proved to produce obvious neuroprotective function for acute ischemic brain injury. This review is an introduction to the current research findings and discusses of the definition, origin and classification on stem cells, as well as the future prospects of the stem cell-based treatment for acute ischemic cerebral injury. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Disposal of pharmaceutical waste among patients is a global challenge especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Improper medication disposal can lead to health problems and environmental contaminations. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess disposal practices of unused medications among patients in public health centers of Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. METHOD A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 263 patients in four public health centers of Dessie town, Ethiopia from March to June, 2019.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mlt-748.html  Face-to-face interview using structured questionnaires were used to collect data from each study subject. RESULTS Majority of the respondents, 224 (85.17%) had unused medications at their home during the study period. The most commonly reported disposal method in the present study was flushing down into a toilet 66 (25.09%). None of respondents practiced returning unused medications to Pharmacy. Moreover, 85 (32.31%) of the respondents reported never disposing their medications and believed that it is acceptable to store medications at home for future use. CONCLUSION In present study, there was high practice of keeping medications at home and most of the disposal practices were not recommended methods. In addition, most of the respondents did not get an advice from pharmacists and other health care professionals how to dispose unused medications. Hence, there is a need for proper education and guidance of patients about disposal practices of unused medications. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Pain after cesarean section can turn the pleasant event of childbirth into an unpleasant experience for the mother. Pain relief through non-pharmaceutical methods, such as aromatherapy, could potentially be a useful intervention. In this study, the analgesic effect of chamomile oil was studied. PURPOSE The current research was conducted to study the effect of chamomile oil on cesarean section pain in primiparous women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized double blind clinical trial wherein 128 primiparous pregnant women (who willingly selected cesarean section) took part. In the aromatherapy group, the subjects inhaled one drop of 5% chamomile oil, and in the control group the subjects inhaled one placebo drop. In both groups the subjects inhaled for 15-20 minutes at a distance of 5 cm from the nose at 4, 8, and 12 hours after surgery, and pain intensity was measured before and after half an hour after inhalation using the visual analog scale (VAS). For data analysis, the software SPSS (version 25) and descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage, mean, and standard deviation) were used.