es and not treated with plumpy nut were found independent protective factors for recovery from sever acute malnutrition.
 Length of stay is in the acceptable range of the international and national set of standards. Nevertheless, the recovery rate was lower compared to the Sphere standard. Presence of diarrhea, palmar pallor, HIV other co-morbidities and not treated with plumpy nut were found independent protective factors for recovery from sever acute malnutrition.Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gastrointestinal microbiota regulate immune responses, but host molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Unbiased screening using SCFA-conjugated affinity nanobeads identified apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), an adaptor protein of inflammasome complex, as a noncanonical SCFA receptor besides GPRs. SCFAs promoted inflammasome activation in macrophages by binding to its ASC PYRIN domain. Activated inflammasome suppressed survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in macrophages by pyroptosis and facilitated neutrophil recruitment to promote bacterial elimination and thus inhibit systemic dissemination in the host. Administration of SCFAs or dietary fibers, which are fermented to SCFAs by gut bacteria, significantly prolonged the survival of S. Typhimurium-infected mice through ASC-mediated inflammasome activation. SCFAs penetrated into the inflammatory region of the infected gut mucosa to protect against infection. This study provided evidence that SCFAs suppress Salmonella infection via inflammasome activation, shedding new light on the therapeutic activity of dietary fiber.BACKGROUND There is no evidence-based treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia and was treated with convalescent plasma. CASE REPORT A 63-year-old woman who presented with severe and prolonged course of COVID-19 disease (fever up to 39.4°C, persistent cough, and dyspnea) received a convalescent plasma transfusion, which led to complete recovery. The diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR testing using the CFX96 Real-Time System (Bio-Rad, USA) from nasopharyngeal swabs. In laboratory tests, an increase in acute-phase parameters was observed. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed abnormalities typical for COVID-19. On days 9 and 11 of the disease, she received the convalescent plasma prepared from a single plasmapheresis donation from a male donor. This male donor was qualified as a convalescent plasma donor according to Polish guidelines, which are compliant with European guidelines. He donated plasma at the Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine in Białystok, Poland. The therapy with convalescent plasma led to clinical improvement and normalization of inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSIONS This report presents a case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a 63-year-old woman who was given supportive treatment with convalescent plasma. Ongoing clinical trials will determine whether convalescent plasma therapy is an effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.BACKGROUND To use a gout-specific quality of life (QoL) tool, the Gout Impact Scale (GIS), to evaluate characteristics of gout affecting QoL in subjects with gout. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 169 individuals with gout completed the 24-item GIS and a general questionnaire regarding gout characteristics. The reliability and validity of the GIS were verified by Cronbach's a and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. The impact of gout characteristics on the QoL of subjects with gout was assessed by stepwise multiple regression analysis.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cinchocaine.html  RESULTS The 169 subjects with gout included 149 (88.2%) men and 20 (11.8%) women, of median age 43 years. The reliability of the GIS was appropriate (0.84-0.90), except for Gout Medication Side Effects (0.69) and Unmet Gout Treatment Need (0.59). Exploratory factor analysis showed that construct validity was acceptable, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 5 common factors of 70.09% and factor loading >0.5 between each pair of items of the GIS. Univariate analysis showed that male sex was positively correlated with Well-being During Attack (p less then 0.05), and that source of medical expenses, current cigarette use and drinking were significantly correlated with Unmet Gout Treatment Need (p less then 0.05 each). A family history of gout, gout flares, and attack frequency were significantly correlated with total GIS, Well-being During Attack, and Gout Concern during Attack (p less then 0.05 each). Multivariate analysis suggested that history of gouty arthritis, acute attack and attack frequency had a considerable impact on QoL (p less then 0.05 each). CONCLUSIONS The GIS showed acceptable reliability and validity in identifying associations between poor QoL and gout characteristics.
  To report on the feasibility of an open-area, portable body weight support system (PBWSS) for in-home use and overground mobility training in an infant with Down syndrome.
 
  The family used the PBWSS on average 4 days/week and for a mean duration of 27.9 minutes/day. Within sessions, the infant's mobility in the open area was greater with PBWSS assistance. The infant's mobility increased whereas variable trends were noted in the infant's motor, language, and cognitive development.
 
  The long-term and frequent use of the PBWSS by this family provided opportunities to practice on emerging motor skills and exploratory actions that may have had a positive effect on her mobility and overall development.
 
  High-dose, body weight-supported training on emerging motor skills is feasible in the infants' natural environments. Future studies using a large sample will quantify the effects.
 High-dose, body weight-supported training on emerging motor skills is feasible in the infants' natural environments. Future studies using a large sample will quantify the effects.
  This study evaluated intraobserver reliability and construct validity of the squat test to assess lower extremity strength in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and spastic diplegia.
 
  Children with CP performed 2 trials of the squat test and calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient to evaluate intraobserver reliability. Correlations between outcomes of hand-held dynamometry (HHD) of knee extensor strength and an 8-repetition maximum (8RM) leg press test and the squat test were calculated to evaluate construct validity.
 
  Excellent intraobserver reliability was observed for the squat test. Correlations between squat test performance and HHD knee extension and 8RM leg press test demonstrated good construct validity.
 
  The squat test is a reliable and valid tool to assess lower extremity strength in children with CP and spastic diplegia. The squat test is inexpensive and less time-consuming, and therefore particularly suitable for clinicians.
 The squat test is a reliable and valid tool to assess lower extremity strength in children with CP and spastic diplegia.