Summary Squalene derived from marine brown algae displays strong anti-cancer (RCC) activity, functionally targeting HIF-signaling pathway, and affects various cellular process. The significance of squalene effect for RCC is highlighted by its efficiency beyond VHL status, designating itself a promising drug candidate. Graphical abstract.Consistent quantification of trypanosomes, the parasite responsible for African animal trypanosomosis, is important for effective surveillance, control, and eradication strategies. Here, we used a rigorously predefined protocol to search and select eligible publications that utilized either microscopy, serology, or molecular methods to investigate prevalence of trypanosomosis based on the presence of any of three most common Trypanosoma spp. (T. congolense, T.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rbn-2397.html  vivax, and T. brucei) in the field-based naturally grazed Gambian cattle, sheep, and goats. To combine results of studies on cattle through meta-analysis, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were carried out with the random effects model, and prevalence estimates of each study with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were presented with a forest plot. All the eligible studies utilized the buffy coat technique (BCT) to detect trypanosomes in the blood samples, while the more sensitive serological and molecular detection methods are yet to be widely exploited. Heterogeneity among the studies on cattle was moderate (I2 = 55%), and the pooled trypanosomosis prevalence based on the BCT was 5.2% (95% CI 4.0-6.4). Meanwhile, estimated prevalence varied according to the trypanosome detection methods, study locations, types of publication, year, and length of observations. We could not pool the trypanosomosis prevalence in sheep and goats through meta-analysis due to small number of studies. The prevalence estimates based on the BCT ranged from 3.2 to 8.1% in goats and 2.8 to 10.6% in sheep. Even though there seems to be a slight decrease in trypanosomosis prevalence in cattle in one of the Gambian districts, there was no consistent trend across the years. It is thought that the literature search and formatting procedures presented in this study contribute to doing systematic reviews on the investigated subject and can be adapted for similar cases.In cardiomyocytes, high molecular ATP-dependent HSP70 and HSP90 play an important role in protecting the myocardium from abnormal proteins that appear, in particular, due to activation of oxidative stress. Molecular chaperone HSP60 is of particular importance for cardiomyocytes as it is responsible for assembly of mitochondrial matrix proteins. We studied the peculiarities of expression of HSP60 in left ventricular cardiomyocytes in hypertension, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and their combination. The experiment was performed on 38-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto and SHR (spontaneously hypertensive) rats aged 38-57 weeks. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was modeled by a single parenteral administration of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. Expression of HSP60 in left ventricular cardiomyocytes was evaluated by immunohistochemical methods. It was found that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and their combination are associated with a significant decrease in the content of HSP60 in left ventricular cardiomyocytes in comparison with the control. This finding can be considered as a pathogenetic mechanism of myocardial damage induced by hypertension and diabetes mellitus.Procoagulant status was modeled in outbred female mice by single injection of cisplatin in a maximum tolerated dose and hemostasis parameters monitored over 30 days by methods of coagulogram and low-frequency piezothromboelastography (global test). Monitoring revealed waveform changes in the hemostatic potential the structural and chronometric hypercoagulation recorded starting from the first day and attaining its maximum on days 5-7 was followed by hypocoagulation and returned to normocoagulation on day 30. This pattern reflects prolonged effect of cisplatin formation of severe dysfunction of the endothelium providing the main anticoagulant pool of hemostasis (day 1) aggravated by disturbances of the plastic functions of the liver (days 15-20), and recovery (days 20-30).We studied the effects of repeated injections of methylprednisolone and its micellar complex with block-copolymer on locomotor activity of a terrestrial snail. It was shown that methylprednisolone solution injected into the hemolymph of the animal produced a direct effect on the muscle system of the animal as soon as 1 h after administration it slowed down snail locomotion and reduced contractile activity of the foot muscles. The micellar complex of methylprednisolone with block-copolymer prevented this effect during the first 2 days of injection and negatively affected locomotion only in 2 days after injection, the decrease in locomotion in this case was not accompanied by a decrease in contractile activity of the foot muscle.The concentrations of MMP-8 and MMP-9 were measured in the crevicular and the peri-implant sulcular fluids at the different stages of the prosthetic treatment. The concentration MMP-8 and MMP-9 in the peri-implant sulcular fluids were significantly higher (p less then 0.05) then in the gingival crevicular fluid. The determined parameters are the references values for dynamic observation over the functional state of the dental "implant-bone-soft" tissue system. The detected the correlations attest to synergy between secretion of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in the peri-implant sulcular fluid and allow analysis of the dependence of the secretion of these metalloproteinases on clinical and physiological peculiarities of the gingiva, which will help to better customize implant-supported prosthetic treatment of the patients.
  The strict rules applied in Italy during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, with the prohibition to attend any regular outdoor activity, are likely to influence the degree of metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. We explored such putative effect immediately after the resolution of lockdown rules, in the absence of any variation of pharmacologic treatment.
 
  One-hundred and fourteen patients with adequate metabolic control took part in this single-centre, prospective, observational study. The metabolic profile tested 1week after the end of the lockdown was compared with the last value and the mean of the last three determinations performed before the pandemic emergency (from 6months to 2years before).
 
  After 8weeks of lockdown, an increase of HbA1c > 0.3% (mean +0.7%) was observed in 26% of the participants; these were also characterized by a persistent elevation in serum triglycerides able to predict the worsening of glucose control.
 
  Lockdown determined a relevant short-term metabolic worsening in approximately one-fourth of previously well-controlled type 2 diabetic individuals; pre-lockdown triglycerides were the only parameter able to predict such derangement of glucose control.