This study systematically reviewed the association of psychological problems among cancer patients with healthcare and societal resource use and costs.
 
  PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase were searched (until 31 January 2021) for studies on psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, distress, fear of recurrence) or psychiatric disorders (anxiety, depression, adjustment) and healthcare use (e.g., mental, inpatient healthcare), economic losses by patients and family, economic losses in other sectors (e.g., absence from work), and costs. The search, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two authors.
 
  Of the 4157 identified records, 49 articles were included (psychological symptoms (n=34), psychiatric disorders (n=14), both (n=1)) which focused on healthcare use (n=36), economic losses by patients and family (n=5), economic losses in other sectors (n=8) and/or costs (n=13). In total, for 12 of the 94 associations strong evidence was found. Psychological symptoms and psychiatric disorders were positively associated with increased healthcare use (mental, primary, inpatient, outpatient healthcare), losses in other sectors (absence from work), and costs (inpatient, outpatient, total healthcare costs). Moderate evidence was found for a positive association between (any) psychiatric disorder and depression disorder with inpatient healthcare and medication use, respectively.
 
  Psychological problems in cancer patients are associated with increased healthcare use, healthcare costs and economic losses. Further research is needed on psychological problems in relation to understudied healthcare use or costs categories, productivity losses, and informal care costs.
 Psychological problems in cancer patients are associated with increased healthcare use, healthcare costs and economic losses. Further research is needed on psychological problems in relation to understudied healthcare use or costs categories, productivity losses, and informal care costs.
  Given the association of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and kidney disease, we investigated the urinary peptidome to presence and deterioration of DR in a post hoc analysis of trials investigating the effect of candesartan on progression of DR in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.
 
  Baseline urinary peptidomic analysis was performed on a random selection of 783 and 792subjects in two randomized controlled trials, DIRECT-Protect 1 and 2, respectively. End points were two-step (RET2) and three-step (RET3) change in Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol (ETDRS) defined level. Peptide levels were correlated to baseline EDTRS level in a discovery set of 2/3 of the participants from DIRECT-Protect 1. The identified peptides were then validated cross-sectionally in the remaining 1/3 from DIRECT-Protect 1. Thereafter, peptides identified in the discovery set were assessed in the entire DIRECT-Protect 1 and 2 cohorts and significant peptides were tested longitudinally.
 
  Follow-up ranged 4.0-4.7years. 24 peptides were associated with baseline DR in the discovery set. COL3A1 (seq NTG~) and COL4A1 (seq DGA~) were associated with baseline DR in the validation set (Rho -.223, p<0.001 and Rho -.141, p=0.024). Neither was significantly associated with end points. Assessing the 24 identified peptides in the entire cohorts, several collagen peptides were associated with baseline DR and end points; however, there was no overlap across diabetes types.
 
  We identified several urinary peptides (mainly collagen) associated with the presence of DR, however they could not be conclusively associated with worsening of DR.
 We identified several urinary peptides (mainly collagen) associated with the presence of DR, however they could not be conclusively associated with worsening of DR.Dipyrone is a non-opioid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic and analgesic properties commonly used in horses. Dipyrone is rapidly hydrolyzed to the primary active metabolite 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/u18666a.html  The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of 4-MAA following repeated and escalating doses of intravenously administered dipyrone. Twenty-six horses were randomly allocated to five treatment groups (one placebo group and four dipyrone groups [30 mg/kg q8h, 30 mg/kg q12h, 60 mg/kg q8h, and 90 mg/kg q12h]) and treated for nine consecutive days. Blood was collected at predetermined timepoints, and plasma was analyzed for 4-MAA concentrations with a validated LC/MS/MS method. Following a single dose, there was a linear correlation to the maximum concentration (Cmax ) achieved. There was a disproportionate increase in the minimum concentration (Cmin ) of 4-MAA with accumulation occurring at higher doses or more frequent dosing intervals. Significant differences were noted in 4-MAA Cmax , half-life, and area under the curve during the dosing interval (AUCtau ) when dipyrone was administered at 30 mg/kg q12h versus q8h. Adverse effects attributed to drug administration were not noted.
  To explore the concepts and strategies parents employ when considering maternal-fetal surgery (MFS) as an option for the management of spina bifida (SB) in their fetus, and how this determines the acceptability of the intervention.
 
  A two-centre interview study enrolling parents whose fetuses with SB were eligible for MFS. To assess differences in acceptability, parents opting for MFS (n=24) were interviewed at three different moments in time prior to the intervention, directly after the intervention and 3-6months after birth. Parents opting for termination of pregnancy (n=5) were interviewed only once. Themes were identified and organised in line with the framework of acceptability.
 
  To parents opting for MFS, the intervention was perceived as an opportunity that needed to be taken. Feelings of parental responsibility drove them to do anything in their power to improve their future child's situation. Expectations seemed to be realistic yet were driven by hope for the best outcome. None expressed decisionfer insufficient certainty of substantial improvement in quality of life and the perceived severe impact of SB drove their decision to end the pregnancy.