Background and Objectives Prior research has identified that sources of prescription drugs for misuse vary based on educational attainment, which is important as certain sources are associated with adverse outcomes. The current research addressed limitations of the extant literature by creating distinct categories of push factors for high school dropout (e.g., negative school performance/experiences), pull factors for high school dropout (e.g., starting a family or getting a job), and high school graduates who did not attend college.Methods Using data from the 2009-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, prevalence of sources were estimated and design-based multivariable logistic regression investigated the association between sources and educational attainment. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression assessed the associations between sources and adverse outcomes (i.e., substance use, substance use disorders, and mental health) separately for each educational category.Results College respondents were more likely to report "physician" and free from "friend/relative" and less likely to report "purchased" as sources. For most educational categories, "purchasing" prescription drugs was associated with adverse outcomes. Additionally, "theft/fake" prescription emerged as a source associated with adverse outcomes for college respondents, while "friend/relative" was associated with adverse outcomes for high school graduates that did not go on to college.Conclusions This research has important clinical implications as it identified young adults with a college education as being less likely to obtain prescription drugs from sources known to be associated with adverse outcomes. It also highlighted how associations between sources and adverse outcomes vary based on educational attainment.The limited data on LGBTQ+ farmers demonstrate that this population lacks adequate healthcare access and faces stigma in agricultural communities. Given that COVID-19 disproportionately impacts LGBTQ+ populations, we investigate how working conditions and healthcare bias may expose LGBTQ+ farmers - essential employees - to high risk of transmitting the virus. During COVID-19, LGBTQ+ farmers may experience worse mental health outcomes as they face occupational and identity-based stressors. Conversely, LGBTQ+ farmers may also demonstrate mental health resilience during COVID-19 due to pre-existing socially distant networks they created in light of agricultural heterosexism. What is unique about COVID-19 is that healthcare inequities of a relatively small percentage of the agriculture workforce has amplifying implications for the entire agrifood system. We call for research on LGBTQ+ farmers to understand how sexuality impacts agricultural health, to uncover health risks and protective factors that may increase the health of farming communities, and to support essential food production during a pandemic.The corona virus pandemic pulled back the curtain on rural America's already fragile childcare system and shed light on the critical role that quality, affordable, accessible childcare plays in the lives of workers and families, as well as in the success of agricultural businesses. This commentary aims to describe how existing childcare problems were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially impacting both the health and economics of farm households and farmworker families. For solutions to be successful, efforts will need to be collaborative, with federal interventions spurred on by childcare stakeholders. Successful collaborations will result in a better childcare system that nurtures children while their parents contribute to our nation's production of agricultural products.
  Aortic dissection involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch is a serious condition. Treatment using traditional surgical methods has certain disadvantages.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html  This study investigated the effectiveness of thoracic endovascular repair of aortic dissection using an external prefenestrated stent.
 
  We present a series of aortic dissection cases involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch treated with an external prefenestrated stent.
 
  Postoperative follow-up of the patients showed that all stents were released at the proper position and that branch vessels were not occluded, and there were no instances of type I endoleak. One patient died suddenly one week after surgery; another experienced retrograde type A aortic dissection in the second week; and type I endoleak occurred in one patient in the first week, although this resolved within six months. No serious complications such as cerebrovascular events, acute spinal cord ischemia, and paraplegia occurred during the perioperative period. All patients had false lumen thrombosis in the ascending aorta and aortic arch.
 
  Prefenestrated stent grafting is a feasible treatment option for repairing an entry tear in the ascending aorta.
 Prefenestrated stent grafting is a feasible treatment option for repairing an entry tear in the ascending aorta.
  To assess the safety, efficacy, and durability of the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold in predominantly complex, infra-popliteal lesions for the management of chronic limb ischemia at two-year clinical follow-up. Bioresorbable vascular scaffold are biodegradable scaffolds that provide short-term vascular support before undergoing intravascular degradation. A recent trial reported excellent 36-month vessel patency rates in simple infrapopliteal arterial lesions treated with Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold.
 
  This single-center, retrospective study evaluated the use of the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold (everolimus impregnated poly-L-lactic scaffold) in patients with infra-popliteal peripheral arterial disease (PAD) with respect to safety (thrombosis and TIMI bleeding), technical success, and freedom from clinically driven target vessel failure at 24 months.
 
  31 patients (51.6% male) with a median age of 67 years with predominantly advanced infra-popliteal disease were treated with 49 bidriven target vessel failure extending out to 24 months.Face-to-face outreach and in-person training have traditionally been key strategies in reaching agricultural producers, workers, and communities with safety and health information, but the COVID-19 pandemic has forced outreach educators to be creative and find alternative ways to reach, communicate, and share such information. In this commentary, we describe our use of social media to reach Latino/a cattle feedyard workers with COVID-19 related information. As a result of our effort, we reached over 54,000 people and demonstrated there is an audience for Spanish-language agricultural safety and health information. Social media can be a cost-effective method for virtual outreach in this new normal. We should look at this time as an opportunity to learn more about how our stakeholders obtain information and about how best we can connect with them. Although our outreach methods may be changing, our goal is not - we will continue to work to improve the safety and health of those who work in agriculture.