However, further studies with larger sample size are warranted to confirm this observation.
  Japan is facing the threat of medical system collapse due to the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present scoring system may help assess disease severity and oxygen supply requirements in COVID-19 patients.
 
  Data on patient characteristics at baseline and throughout hospitalization for COVID-19 were extracted from medical records. Disease severity was dichotomized into two categories without or with oxygen supply as asymptomatic, mild, and moderate illness (AMMI), and severe and critical illness (CSI). The AMMI and CSI groups were compared. Predictors of disease severity, previously identified in the outpatient setting, were included in multivariable logistic regression analysis; the obtained coefficients were converted to integers and assigned a score.
 
  A total of 206 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in this study. Correlation between COVID-19 severity and medical information was examined by comparing AMMI and CSI. Age, hemodialysis, and C-reactive protein (CRP) leveless then 50, and as 1 for values of ≥50) + 1 × hemodialysis (coded as 0 for "no", and as 1 for "yes") + 1 × CRP (in mg/dL, coded as 0 for values of less then 1.0, and as 1 for values of ≥1.0). Patients with scores of ≥2 points required oxygen supply (sensitivity, 68.4%; specificity, 79.0%) CONCLUSION The present model can help predict disease severity and oxygen requirements in COVID-19 patients in Japan.The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system is a valuable genome editing tool for microorganisms. However, the commonly used Cas9 nuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) is not applicable to many industrially relevant bacteria, due to its cytotoxicity and large size (1368 amino acids [aa]). We developed an alternative genome editing system using a miniature Cas12f1 nuclease (529 aa) derived from an uncultured archaeon, Un1Cas12f1. When editing four dispensable genes in Escherichia coli MG1655 and BW25113, the CRISPR/Un1Cas12f1 system showed higher efficiency (63%-100%) than the CRISPR/SpCas9 system (50%-79%). The CRISPR/Un1Cas12f1 genome editing system is expected to be applied to the genome editing of a wide variety of bacteria.
  Empathy is an essential behavioural competency required of healthcare providers. It is included in the Canadian National Competency Profile for Medical Radiation Technologists; supporting patient-centered care and the development of therapeutic relationships between carers and care recipients. This review synthesizes evidence on Virtual Reality (VR) as a tool for eliciting empathetic behaviour in carers.
 
  Six Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, ERIC, Academic Search Premier and CINAHL) were searched for studies published from 1997-2020. Studies with MeSH terms "Empathy" and "Virtual Reality", and conducted on adult carers, were eligible for inclusion. The Cochrane risk of bias tool guided the assessment of study quality. Prospero review registration number CRD42020210049 RESULTS Seven studies, with 485 carers, were included in this review. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of interventions and tools for collecting outcome measures.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/imd-0354.html  All seven studies demonstrated VR could elicit empathetic behaviour in carers. Studies included one randomized controlled trial, three non-randomized controlled trials, two with quasi-experimental designs, and one non-experimental design. All studies had a moderate to high risk of bias.
 
  This review suggests that VR may be an appropriate method for eliciting empathetic behaviours in carers. Future studies employing appropriately powered multicentere randomized controlled designs should seek to determine which VR experiences are the most effective in evoking empathetic behaviours.
 This review suggests that VR may be an appropriate method for eliciting empathetic behaviours in carers. Future studies employing appropriately powered multicentere randomized controlled designs should seek to determine which VR experiences are the most effective in evoking empathetic behaviours.Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are caused by chronic tobacco abuse. In this regard, the carcinogenic potential of smoking and smokeless forms of tobacco, including chewing tobacco and moist/dry snuff, has been widely documented. However, the effects of tobacco-containing products such as creamy snuff on oral health have not been widely reported. Here, we report on the clinical presentation of a patient with OSCC induced by concurrent chewing tobacco and creamy snuff use. The development and progression of mucosal carcinogenesis in the context of mixed tobacco use habits is discussed. With the increased availability of newer tobacco-containing products, it is important for clinicians to be aware of these products in the marketplace, including dentifrices and nicotine pouches, and counsel their patients regarding their health risks.Plantar fasciitis is a common condition that causes foot pain. While shockwave therapy has been shown to provide successful results, comparative outcomes from different forms of shockwave therapy have yet to be described for this condition. In this retrospective cohort study, we describe findings from a quality improvement initiative assessing safety and functional outcomes for patients with plantar fasciitis treated with radial shockwave therapy (n = 20) or radial and focused shockwave therapy (combined shockwave, n = 18). Most were runners (n = 31, 81.6%), mean age was 43.3 ± 12.9 years, and average symptom duration 12.1 ± 11.1 months. All patients were prescribed an exercise program focusing on foot intrinsic strengthening. We hypothesized both groups would have improvement in function using the foot and Ankle Ability Measure, with a similar safety profile. Both radial and combined groups received similar number of total treatments (4.9 ± 2.5 and 4.1 ± 2.4, respectively; p = .33). Within group score changes for the Activities of Daily Living and Sports subscales were observed for both the radial (16.5 ± 16.3, p less then .001; 31.7 ± 23.1, p less then .001) and combined groups (19.8 ± 10.8, p = .001; 26.0 ± 21.5, p = .003). There was no difference in proportion of patients meeting the minimal clinically important difference between radial and combined groups regarding the Activities of Daily Living (14 (70%) vs 14 (77.8%), p = .58) and Sports subscales (17 (85%) vs 12 (75%), p = .45). Collectively, these findings suggest that a majority of patients with chronic plantar fasciitis may achieve functional gains using either form of shockwave therapy.