https://www.selleckchem.com/PI3K.html This is because the currently used massive parallel DNA sequencing approaches do not easily identify all the structural variations in the RCA gene cluster. We will describe here how to use the MLPA assays and two computational tools to analyze NGS data, NextGENe and ONCOCNV, to detect CNVs and gene rearrangements in the RCA gene cluster.C3 nephritic Factor (C3NeF) is autoantibody that binds neoepitopes of the C3 convertase C3bBb, resulting in a stabilization of the enzyme. First functional characterizations of C3NeF were performed by hemolytic assays using preactivated sheep erythrocytes (bearing C3b). Sheep erythrocytes are beforehand sensitized with an anti-sheep red blood cell stroma antibody produced in rabbit (hemolysin). Sensitized sheep erythrocytes will initiate cascade complement activation via the classic pathway, followed by alternative pathway amplification loop, resulting in C3b covalent binding to cell surface. Sheep erythrocytes bearing C3b permit the alternative pathway exploration, in particular decay of alternative pathway C3 convertase.Antibodies to autoantigens are implicated in a large number of diseases. Such autoantibodies may cause pathological activation of complement, an ancient humoral recognition and effector system of innate immunity; in addition, complement components or regulators may be target of autoantibodies and cause abnormal complement activation or function. Autoantibodies to complement proteins are in particular involved in kidney diseases. Those binding to complement convertase enzymes can cause enhanced stability of convertases and their increased resistance to regulation, thus promoting complement turnover. Here, we describe an ELISA method to detect factor B autoantibodies that bind to and stabilize the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase enzyme, C3bBb.Autoantibodies against complement proteins are involved in the pathological process of many diseases, including lupus nephritis