3% substance use disorders-tranquilizers (34.9%) and stimulants (15.8%) were the commonly used, while 85.3% suffered anxiety disorders. These were common among age range of 19 to 28 years-those with higher education and the unemployed. More females had mental disorders except substance use disorders, which was higher in males (53.4%). There was no significant relationship between mental disorders and the demographic variables, but significant relationship was found to exist between individuals' age and anxiety disorder.
 
  Mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, are common among the respondents and, therefore, calls for urgent attention of the government to improve the mental health of the people.
 Mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, are common among the respondents and, therefore, calls for urgent attention of the government to improve the mental health of the people.
  In many countries, hospital-based births are associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding, within the first hour postpartum, especially where the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative guidelines have been adopted. While Indonesia has adopted the guidelines, there is a relatively low rate of early breastfeeding initiation in the country.
 
  To determine the relationship between place of birth and early breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia.
 
  This study was a retrospective cross-sectional survey using national data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (
  = 14,279). The association between place of birth and early breastfeeding initiation was examined using logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders.
 
  The overall prevalence of early breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia was 60.9% with a greater proportion of mothers giving birth in health facilities.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/geneticin-g418-sulfate.html  In the multivariate model, there was a significant interaction between wealth index, insurance status, and place of birth on the timing of breastfeeding initiation. In the subgroup of mothers residing in middle wealth index households, women who gave birth in clinics and hospitals had lower odds of early breastfeeding initiation compared to those who gave birth at home (0.56; 0.34, 0.90; 
  = .018) and (0.58; 0.40, 0.85; 
  = .005), respectively.
 
  Place of birth was significantly associated with early breastfeeding initiation. There is a need to consider health disparities and to strengthen the implementation of the WHO guidelines, Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, and International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, to increase early breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia.
 Place of birth was significantly associated with early breastfeeding initiation. There is a need to consider health disparities and to strengthen the implementation of the WHO guidelines, Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, and International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, to increase early breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia.Background Patient-provider communication surrounding menopause symptoms and treatment is often limited. We developed and evaluated a health literacy-appropriate discussion guide to support patient education. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional randomized study was conducted among 100 English-speaking women, aged 45-60 years, in Chicago, IL, and Durham, NC. Participants were randomly assigned to review either the discussion guide or a standard education material (n = 50 per arm) and to complete an open book knowledge questionnaire; they then rated the appearance and quality of both materials. Bivariate analyses examined knowledge and satisfaction by study arm and across sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable models tested the effectiveness of the discussion guide to improve knowledge compared with the standard material. Results Women receiving the discussion guide demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores compared with those who reviewed the standard material (mean [M] = 20.0, standard deviation [SD] = 2.7, vs. M = 18.1, SD = 2.6; p  less then  0.001); 82.0% of those exposed to the discussion guide correctly answered ≥85% of knowledge items compared with only 48.0% of those reviewing the standard material (p  less then  0.001). In multivariable analyses, participants receiving the discussion guide displayed significantly greater knowledge in comparison with those receiving the standard material regardless of whether knowledge was examined as a score (∝ = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-2.9, p  less then  0.001) or 85% threshold (odds ratio 5.7, 95% CI 2.0-16.2, p  less then  0.001). More than two-thirds of women (68%) preferred the discussion guide; it was rated highly in terms of appearance and content. Conclusions The discussion guide improved understanding of menopause symptoms and treatment options in comparison with a current standard and was well received by a diverse audience.Background Communal traits, such as empathy, warmth, and consensus-building, are not highly valued in the medical hierarchy. Devaluing communal traits is potentially harmful for two reasons. First, data suggest that patients may prefer when physicians show communal traits. Second, if female physicians are more likely to be perceived as communal, devaluing communal traits may increase the gender inequity already prevalent in medicine. We test for both these effects. Materials and Methods This study analyzed 22,431 Press Ganey outpatient surveys assessing 480 physicians collected from 2016 to 2017 at a large tertiary hospital. The surveys asked patients to provide qualitative comments and quantitative Likert-scale ratings assessing physician effectiveness. We coded whether patients described physicians with "communal" language using a validated word scale derived from previous work. We used multivariate logistic regressions to assess whether (1) patients were more likely to describe female physicians using communal language and (2) patients gave higher quantitative ratings to physicians they described with communal language, when controlling for physician, patient, and comment characteristics. Results Female physicians had higher odds of being described with communal language than male physicians (odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.18-1.40, p  less then  0.001). In addition, patients gave higher quantitative ratings to physicians they described with communal language. These results were robust to inclusion of controls. Conclusions Female physicians are more likely to be perceived as communal. Being perceived as communal is associated with higher quantitative ratings, including likelihood to recommend. Our study indicates a need to reevaluate what types of behaviors academic hospitals reward in their physicians.