https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Imatinib-Mesylate.html The genetics of quiescence is an emerging field compared to that of growth, yet both states generate spontaneous mutations and genetic diversity fueling evolution. Reconciling mutation rates in dividing conditions and mutation accumulation as a function of time in non-dividing situations remains a challenge. Nitrogen-starved fission yeast cells reversibly arrest proliferation, are metabolically active and highly resistant to a variety of stresses. Here, we show that mutations in stress- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (S/MAPK) signaling pathways are enriched in aging cultures. Targeted resequencing and competition experiments indicate that these mutants arise in the first month of quiescence and expand clonally during the second month at the expense of the parental population. Reconstitution experiments show that S/MAPK modules mediate the sacrifice of many cells for the benefit of some mutants. These findings suggest that non-dividing conditions promote genetic diversity to generate a social cellular environment prone to kin selection.The lack of efficient catalysts for ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2 gases at the lower temperature of ca. 50 °C has been a problem not only for the Haber-Bosch process, but also for ammonia production toward zero CO2 emissions. Here, we report a new approach for low temperature ammonia synthesis that uses a stable electron-donating heterogeneous catalyst, cubic CaFH, a solid solution of CaF2 and CaH2 formed at low temperatures. The catalyst produced ammonia from N2 and H2 gases at 50 °C with an extremely small activation energy of 20 kJ mol-1, which is less than half that for conventional catalysts reported. The catalytic performance can be attributed to the weak ionic bonds between Ca2+ and H- ions in the solid solution and the facile release of hydrogen atoms from H- sites.The Seebeck effect converts thermal gradients into electricity. As an approach to power technolo