on of community pharmacy innovations highlighted in this study should inform the design of future innovations to ensure their success and sustainability. Insights into the interaction between individual, organisational, and external factors influencing successful implementation of community pharmacy innovations highlighted in this study should inform the design of future innovations to ensure their success and sustainability. CYP27A1 is the disease-causing gene of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). As a treatable lipid storage disease, early treatment can improve the prognosis. However, CTX patients reported in the literature are mostly adult patients; the phenotype spectrum of CTX in the infantile population remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the phenotype spectrum of infants who carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the CYP27A1 gene and were suspected of having CTX. From June 2014 to May 2020, infants with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in CYP27A1 gene were enrolled, who underwent next-generation sequencing or Sanger sequencing in Children's Hospital of Fudan University. Patient characteristics, clinical treatments and outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records. A total of 17 patients with an average onset age of 8 (1-42) days were found. The average diagnosis age was ten months. Cholestasis was the dominant symptom of these infants. Thirteen variants were detected, of which c.379C>T was a hotspot variant (26.5% alleles, 9/34). Cholestatic CTX is usually underestimated, but it could be severe or even fatal in infancy. For outcomes, 5 suffered from liver failure (36%, 5/14), 1 still showed cholestasis (7%, 1/14), 7 were asymptomatic (50%, 7/14), and 1 presented seizure and developmental delay in later childhood (7%, 1/14). Based on this infantile cohort, we concluded that it is necessary to consider the possibility of CTX caused by CYP27A1 gene variants for infants with cholestasis. Based on this infantile cohort, we concluded that it is necessary to consider the possibility of CTX caused by CYP27A1 gene variants for infants with cholestasis. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration correlates inversely with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and is included in risk calculations. Endothelial lipase (EL) is a phospholipase that remodels HDL. Deficiency of EL due to mutations in its gene, LIPG, is associated with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The effects of EL on HDL function and ASCVD risk remain poorly understood. To determine whether hyperalphalipoproteinemia due to EL deficiency is protective against ASCVD. We identified LIPG variants amongst patients with severe hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HDL-C >2.5mmol/L) attending a referral lipid clinic in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. We analysed the clinical and biochemical phenotypes amongst primary hyperalphalipoproteinemia cases (males HDL-C >1.6mmol/L; females HDL-C >1.8mmol/L) due to LIPG variants, and the distribution of variants in normal and hyperalphalipoproteinemia ranges of HDL-C. 1007 patients with HDL-C concentration ranging from 1.in patients with hyperalphalipoproteinemia due to EL deficiency. Our study cautions targeting EL to reduce risk. Patient-derived airway cells differentiated at Air Liquid Interface (ALI) are valuable models for Cystic fibrosis (CF) precision therapy. Different culture expansion methods have been established to extend expansion capacity of airway basal cells, while retaining functional airway epithelium physiology. Considerable variation in response to CFTR modulators is observed in cultures even within the same CFTR genotype and despite the use of similar ALI culture techniques. We aimed to address culture expansion method impact on differentiation. Nasal epithelial brushings from 14 individuals (CF=9; non-CF=5) were collected, then equally divided and expanded under conditional reprogramming culture (CRC) and feeder-serum-free "dual-SMAD inhibition" (SMADi) methods. Expanded cells from each culture were differentiated with proprietary PneumaCult™-ALI media. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk-j4-hcl.html Morphology (Immunofluorescence), global proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and function (barrier integrity, cilia motility, and ion transport) were compared in CRC and SMA culture conditions significantly influence CFTR activity, this could lead to false conclusions if data from different labs are compared against each other without specific reference ranges. The prognostic role of spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) has been poorly investigated. To evaluate the impact of the presence of SPSS, as well as their characteristics, on the risk of decompensation. This is a retrospective cohort study of 235 advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) patients with available imaging examination, transient elastography, and upper endoscopy. ACLD was defined as liver stiffness measurement (LSM) >10 kPa. Competitive risk analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with the main outcome. SPSS were reported in 141 (60%) of the patients. Non-viral etiology was independently associated with SPSS presence [Odds-Ratio (OR) 2.743;95%-Interval-of-Confidence (IC)1.129-6.664]. During a follow-up of 37 (20-63) months, SPSS were found predictors of any decompensation type [Subhazard Ratio (SHR)2.264; 95%-IC1.259-4.071], independently from a history of decompensation or high-risk-varices presence. The risk of complications was higher in patients with large (SHR 3.775; 95%-IC 2.016-7.070) and multiple (SHR3.832; 95%-IC 2.004-7.330) shunts, and in those with gastrorenal shunts (SHR2.636; 95%-IC1.521-4.569). The presence, size, and number of SPSS predict not only the risk of hepatic encephalopathy but that of any type of decompensation across all stages of cirrhosis. Future studies should explore the possibility of treating shunts to prevent decompensation. The presence, size, and number of SPSS predict not only the risk of hepatic encephalopathy but that of any type of decompensation across all stages of cirrhosis. Future studies should explore the possibility of treating shunts to prevent decompensation.