https://www.selleckchem.com/products/incb084550.html g., aqueous biphasic systems, nanosupported separations), drug solubilization, lignocellulose biomass treatment, and targeted therapeutic drug delivery. All indications point to the likelihood that these emerging solvents have the capacity to satisfy the requirements of environmental responsibility while unlocking biomolecular proficiency in established biomedical and biotechnological pursuits as well as a number of academic and industrial ventures not yet explored.During nervous system development, an extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role through surface topography and microenvironment signals in neurons and neurites maturation. Topography and microenvironment signals act as physical and chemical guiding cues, respectively, for neural tissue formation and reconstruction. Imposed surface topography can affect neural stem cells by promoting adhesion, spreading, alignment, morphological changes, and specific gene expression. Therefore, fabrication of a biomimetic construct or scaffold to support neurite outgrowth and axon extension is a crucial and common strategy for neural tissue regeneration. Here, we review recent developments in biomaterials modification for simulating the microenvironment to promote neural cell adhesion and growth. The subtopics include those of potential cellular mechanisms of topographical response, topography on cellular organization and function, contact guidance in neurite outgrowth and axon growth, ECM microenvironment as regulatory cues, as well as challenges and future perspectives of nerve conduits that are now in clinical trials and usage.Polymer self-assembly is used to form nanomaterials with a wide range of structures. While self-assembly of polymers in bulk has been thoroughly explored, the same process in solution remains widely used but partially unresolved, due to the formation of structures which are often kinetically trapped. In this paper we report kinetic state d