t the need to manipulate scarred and multiply operated tissues. The craniofacial surgery team should not hesitate to apply microsurgical solutions to these situations for optimal results.
  Myectomies of the lower-lip depressor muscles, with the aim to improve facial balance in unilateral facial paralysis, have unexplained high recurrence rates. A potential explanation is that these recurrences are due to inadequate resection through the muscle width, leaving lateral muscle fibers intact.
 
  Revisit the anatomy of the lower-lip depressor muscles and suggest an optimization of the surgical technique. Perform a literature review to identify recurrence rates and surgical technique of the procedure.
 
  Ten fresh hemifaces were dissected. The following measurements of depressor labii inferioris and depressor anguli oris were made the widths of the muscles, the distance from the mandibular midline to the lateral borders of the muscles, and the intraoral distance from the lateral canine to the lateral border of depressor anguli oris. A literature review was performed.
 
  The width of depressor labii inferioris was 20 ± 4 mm and depressor anguli oris 14 ± 3 mm. The distance from the midline to the lateral border of depressor labii inferioris was 32 ± 4 mm and 54 ± 4 mm for depressor anguli oris. The literature review revealed a mean recurrence rate of 21%.
 
  A potential optimization of the surgical technique in lower-lip depressor myectomies is to extend the muscle resection laterally. To ensure inclusion of the whole width of the depressor muscles and decrease the recurrence rates of the procedure, the measurements presented in this study should be kept in mind during surgery.
 A potential optimization of the surgical technique in lower-lip depressor myectomies is to extend the muscle resection laterally. To ensure inclusion of the whole width of the depressor muscles and decrease the recurrence rates of the procedure, the measurements presented in this study should be kept in mind during surgery.
  Migraine headache is a common, debilitating condition responsible for astronomical societal burden. The chronicity of migraine headaches necessitates the use of many healthcare services. Preventative treatment remains the desirable option for this patient population. Pharmacologic advances have led to the development of erenumab, a monoclonal antibody calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist that directly interferes with the known biochemical pathway of migraine initiation. Alternatively, surgical decompression of migraine trigger sites is a historically effective preventative option for certain patients experiencing migraine headaches. As new treatments emerge, the large economic burden of migraine headaches requires cost evaluation against already available preventative modalities.
 
  Studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of both erenumab and surgical trigger site deactivation were found using EMBASE and MedLine. Relevant economic data was extracted from this literature and the cost of treats surgical trigger site deactivation.
  The data of nasal anthropometric measurements could help surgeons perform preoperative or postoperative assessments and decide surgical strategies of the nose plastic surgery and related cosmetic rhinoplasty. The aim of the study was to describe the average values of the nasal anthropometric measurements in Han Nationality young female population in Central China.
 
  All 430 Han Chinese young females were obtained for this study, and their anthropometric features were measured including weight, height, 11 items of linear distance and 4 angles. Seven proportion indices of the soft tissue of the external nose were determined. Related results were compared with the result of other available literature about nasal anthropometry in Han Nationality young females from different regions of China and the other racial/ethnic nasal anthropometry in the world populations.
 
  The means of the linear measurements of the external nose in this study were as follows nasal height (48.9 mm), nasal bridge length (43.3 mm), morphfemale adults in China and the racial/ethnic differences of that compared with the some races/ethnic around the world.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly333531.html  This study could provide credible and objective reference material for plastic and maxillofacial surgeons for the external nasal soft tissue evaluation and planning of the cosmetic nasal surgery in the Han Nationality young female adults in Central China.
  In the United States, approximately 57,000 tissue expander/implant-based breast reconstructions are performed each year. Complete submuscular tissue expander coverage affords the best protection against implant exposure but can restrict lower pole expansion. The benefits of using acellular dermal matrix are enticing, but questions remain as to whether or not its presence increases reconstructive failures. The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of explantation in those patients with acellular dermal matrix reconstructions and to discuss salvage techniques.
 
  An approved retrospective review was conducted of 137 patients undergoing 234 individual breast reconstructions over 4 years performed by a single plastic surgeon (J.D.) at a single institution. Patients who underwent implant-based reconstruction with either immediate placement of a tissue expander that was subsequently exchanged for a permanent implant at a second operation or immediate placement of a permanent implant when indicated were included.
 
  One hundred thirty-seven patients who underwent 234 implant-based breast reconstructions using acellular dermal matrix met criteria. There was an overall 23 percent complication rate, including any cellulitis, seroma, skin necrosis, and hematoma formation. Significant preoperative risk factors for any postoperative complication included body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2 and a history of radiation therapy before acellular dermal matrix placement. Radiation therapy was found to be a significant risk factor for postoperative skin necrosis. Of explantations, many fluid cultures grew Gram-negative bacteria.
 
  Skin necrosis is a serious risk factor for explantation in implant-based reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix. The reconstructive surgeon should consider early excision of any skin necrosis as soon as it is identified.
 
  Risk, III.
 Risk, III.