Factors aggravating remnant pancreas atrophy following pancreatoduodenectomy and the effects of atrophy have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical factors affecting remnant pancreas atrophy and assess the effects of atrophy on quality of life, nutritional status, and pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functions.
 
  Data collected prospectively from 122 patients who completed 12months of follow-up, including computed tomography and the quality-of-life questionnaire, were analyzed. Pancreas volume was measured using a computed tomography volumetry program. Endocrine and exocrine functions were evaluated.
 
  Malignancy and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were associated with severity of atrophy. At 12 postoperative months, quality-of-life scores and nutritional indexes were mostly not associated with atrophy, but stool elastase level decreased significantly and incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus was higher in the severe atrophy group. Postprandial 2-hour blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were also higher in this group.
 
  Remnant pancreas atrophy was more severe in patients with malignant disease who received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and was associated with pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functions. More careful monitoring and active management of exocrine and endocrine deficiencies are necessary for patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for malignant disease and received chemoradiotherapy.
 Remnant pancreas atrophy was more severe in patients with malignant disease who received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and was associated with pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functions. More careful monitoring and active management of exocrine and endocrine deficiencies are necessary for patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for malignant disease and received chemoradiotherapy.Cranial sutures join the many bones of the skull. They are therefore points of weakness and consequently subjected to the many mechanical stresses affecting the cranium. However, the way in which this impacts their morphological complexity remains unclear. We examine the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of human sagittal sutures by quantifying the morphology from 107 individuals from archaeological populations spanning the Mesolithic to Middle ages, using standardized two-dimensional photographs. Results show that the most important factor determining sutural complexity appears to be the position along the cranial vault from the junction with the coronal suture at its anterior-most point to the junction with the lambdoid suture at its posterior-most point. Conversely, factors such as age and lifeways show few trends in complexity, the most significant of which is a lower complexity in the sutures of Mesolithic individuals who consumed a tougher diet. The simple technique used in this study therefore allowed us to identify that, taken together, structural aspects play a more important role in defining the complexity of the human sagittal suture than extrinsic factors such as the mechanical forces imposed on the cranium by individuals' diet.The congenitally shortened limb (CSL) with fibular deficiency or absence has historically been graded by plain radiography, while associated cartilaginous and arterial soft tissue anomalies have been comparatively neglected. Consistent pathological evidence of remnant cartilaginous bodies in place of the fibula presupposes earlier existence of a preformed cartilaginous template of the fibula. In complete fibular radiographic absences, often associated with midline metatarsal deficiencies, the two usual nutrient arteries to the fibula fail to form, as they normally would have, around the (16-18 mm stage) sixth embryonic week. The histopathology of fallow persisting fibular anlagen, in association with missing arteries and retained primitive arteries, suggests the anlage is a dystrophic, but otherwise normally prefigured, cartilaginous scaffold of the fibula. Thus, the widely employed term absent fibula, which has been grounded in plain radiography, is a misnomer. Additionally, since the metatarsals missing in congenitally shortened limb are midline, the related term, fibular hemimelia, is similarly inaccurate. A new taxonomy, based on embryological principles rather than radiographic appearance alone, will promote limb dystrophism as a more accurate term combining arrested embryonic vascular development and congenitally shortened limb of the lower extremity.
  Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently dominate the biotherapeutic market. This has resulted in significant efforts towards the development of a continuous integrated platform for the manufacturing of mAbs.
 
  In this study, a continuous mAb platform has been developed consisting of an Acoustic Wave Separator, a Cadence BioSMB PD system, a customized coiled flow reactor, a modular single-pass TFF kit, an in-line diafiltration module, and a continuous dead-end filtration skid. A three-step chromatographic purification was performed in the platform consisting of Protein A capture chromatography followed by an anion exchange membrane directly coupled to a cation exchange chromatography. Two operational case studies have been executed on the platform, namely complete continuous ("CC") and periodic continuous ("PC") modes of operation. The CC mode was designed to ensure that each unit operation had completely continuous inflow and outflow by increasing the number of columns, filtration modules and tanks, while thl in a given situation.
 It was found that the CC mode was superior in terms of specific productivity (20-50% higher) and consumable utilization (20% lower resin utilization), while the PC mode was operationally simpler and had lower facility costs due to significant reductions in the number of auxiliary equipment (pumps, columns, tanks, and valves). The work successfully highlighted the pros and cons of both approaches, and demonstrates that while several groups have amply shown the superiority of continuous processing over batch mode, there are intermediate variants which may be optimal in a given situation.In a recent article in this journal, Galeta et al., (2020) discussed eight Pleistocene "protodogs" and seven Pleistocene wolves. Those "protodogs" had been diagnosed in earlier publications, based on skull morphology. We re-examined the Galeta et al.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jhu-083.html  paper to offer comments on their observed outcomes, and the conclusion of presumed domestication. Of seven metrics that the authors used, five differed statistically between their two groups. However, from more elaborate studies, some of those same metrics had been rejected previously as not valid species-distinguishing traits. In this respect, we do accept cranium size and wider palate as species-distinguishing metrics. The physical size of their specimens was much larger than other archaeological specimens that have been accepted as dogs. Additionally, their sample size was small, compared to the number of available specimens, as shown from previous publications by the same group. Thus, we considered statistical differences that were found between groups in their study, and assessed whether the outcomes could have resulted from natural morphological variation.