© 2020 Author(s).BACKGROUND Rape is a widespread and important issue in the field of public health, and its victims require comprehensive and gender-sensitive health services. Healthcare providers, especially midwives, play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of rape, and improving their knowledge has been an essential factor in enhancing the quality of service provided. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to compare the impact of standardized patient-based training and team-based learning on midwifery students' knowledge for providing services to rape victims. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized quasiexperimental study, 75 midwifery students of Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery were selected using available sampling method and were assigned to two groups of standardized patient-based training (n = 38) and team-based learning (n = 37). After performing pretest, standardized patient-based training group and team-based learning group were trained separately for 6 h. One week after intervention, posttest was performed. Data were collected and analyzed using the Academic Specifications Questionnaire and the Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire. Significance level was considered at P less then 0.05. RESULTS The two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the posttest in terms of knowledge score (P = 0.079). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the level of knowledge between the two groups (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Given the effectiveness of both standardized patient-based training method and team-based learning method on enhancing midwifery students' knowledge for providing services to rape victims, these methods can be used in students' education. Copyright © 2019 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.BACKGROUND Self-directed learning readiness scale for nursing education (SDLRSNE) was first edited in Fisher and King Learning, which was an alternative for self-directed learning readiness. OBJECTIVES The present research aims at reinvestigating the subscale factor structure of this tool and present evidence regarding its validity and reliability. METHODS In this cross-psychometric study, 379 students completed SDLRSNE, with 29 items and three subscales that were selected by conducting simple random sampling method, from among 1135 nursing and midwifery students at Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), in 2015-2016 academic years. The data were analyzed using SPSS20 and Lisrel8.5 Software. The mentioned data were studied by utilizing descriptive standards and inferential tests such as Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Spearman-Brown, Gutmann, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html  RESULTS According to the proper fitness indicators, CFA of 29 items clearly distinguishes self-directing into three elements, including self-management, desire for learning, and self-control. Results demonstrated that all three scale elements have high internal consistency coefficients. CONCLUSION Results exhibit that short-form scale for self-directed readiness in Fisher and King learning is a valid and reliable tool for identifying the capabilities of the nursing and midwifery student's self-learning. Copyright © 2019 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.BACKGROUND Breast cancer is an increasing health problem in India. Screening for early detection should lead to a reduction in mortality from the disease. Majority of the population, especially in rural areas, contact health-care system through primary health-care workers. AIM To know the knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and methods for its early detection among the primary health-care workers in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study questionnaire study was conducted among primary health-care workers (both males and females) in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. The statistical tests used were t-test, ANOVA, and Fisher's exact test. P = 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of a total of 120 patients, there were 46 males (38.3%) and 74 females (61.7%). The mean age of the population was 48.5 ± 5.3 years, with a range of 25 and 57 years. The mean knowledge score percent of the present population was 71.04 ± 18.3. The mean knowledge score was higher among males (73.9 ± 19.8) as compared to females (69.2 ± 17.2). Approximately 43.3% of the participants had very good knowledge about risk factors followed by 31.7% having excellent knowledge, 20% having good knowledge, and 5% having poor knowledge. CONCLUSION The overall mean knowledge percent about breast cancers among primary health-care workers in this study was very good, slightly higher among males and postgraduates, but to make it universal, reinforcement of educational programs can be planned for them. Copyright © 2019 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.INTRODUCTION Today medical education is focusing on teaching human and communicational skills, just like the basic theories in medicine. Making effective and efficient contacts and communications are very important in nursing. Although these studies had shown that these skills are poor among nurses. Due to this, it is important to teach these skills to all health-care providers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of communicational empowerment pattern on nursing student's communicational competency. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 78 senior nursing students who were chosen randomly by the census method. Respondents were divided into case and control groups. In case group, the communicational empowerment method was conducted and in control group, no interventions were done. Data were collected by communicational competency questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and t-test through IBM, SPSS version 19, United States 2016. The significance lopyright © 2019 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.INTRODUCTION Financial support system available to geriatric populations affects their adherence level to the prescribed treatment leading to a rise in chronic disease burden. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to ascertain the disease pattern, health expenditure, and adherence to the prescriptions among geriatric patients reporting to a hospital in North India. METHODOLOGY This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018. Patients who were 60 or above years in age, already diagnosed and were on treatment for more than 3 months were included in the study. A total of 310 patients were selected using convenient sampling method. Data were collected by a pretested and validated questionnaire. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 66.16 years ± 5.37 years (54.8% males). Monthly average family income was Rs. 15202.97 ± 1134.63. Overall, 25% of the treatment cost was met through various social schemes (52% = pension scheme, 32% of patients had no such schemes and only 2% through health insurance schemes).