One fundamental question is what makes two brain states similar. For example, what makes the activity in visual cortex elicited from viewing a robin similar to a sparrow? One common assumption in fMRI analysis is that neural similarity is described by Pearson correlation. However, there are a host of other possibilities, including Minkowski and Mahalanobis measures, with each differing in its mathematical, theoretical, and neural computational assumptions. Moreover, the operable measures may vary across brain regions and tasks. Here, we evaluated which of several competing similarity measures best captured neural similarity. Our technique uses a decoding approach to assess the information present in a brain region, and the similarity measures that best correspond to the classifier's confusion matrix are preferred. Across two published fMRI datasets, we found the preferred neural similarity measures were common across brain regions but differed across tasks. Moreover, Pearson correlation was consistently surpassed by alternatives.The COVID-19 epidemic has swept across China and spread to other countries. The rapid spreading of COVID-19 and panic combined with the lack of a hierarchical medical system in China have resulted in a huge number of hospital visiting which are overwhelming local medical system and increasing the incidence of cross infection. To meliorate this situation, we adopted the management concept of the system of Tiered Diagnosis and Treatment and developed an online tool for self-triage based on the mostly used multi-purpose smartphone app Wechat in China. This online tool helps people perform self-triage so that they can decide whether to quarantine at home or visit hospital. This tool further provides instructions for home quarantine and help patients make an appointment online if hospital visiting suggested. This smartphone application can reduce the burden on hospitals without losing the truly COVID-19 patients and protect people from the danger of cross infection. To evaluate outcome of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IDI) treatment on serous retinal detachment (SRD) in patients with ranibizumab-resistant diabetic macular edema (DME). Forty-eight eyes of 48 patients with DME resistant to ranibizumab were enrolled in this retrospective and comparative study. Patients were divided into two groups according to presence of serous retinal detachment (1) SRD or (2) non-SRD groups. All patients had at least three monthly ranibizumab injections, after which they were treated with IDI. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), use of antiglaucomatous drugs, and presence of cataract progression were noted at 1, 3, and 6 months post-IDI treatment. There was not any statistically significant difference in terms of baseline characteristics of the patients. The mean CRT was declined in both groups at 1, 3, and 6 months (  < 0.001). After IDI treatment, the mean BCVA was improved in both groups at 1, 3, and 6 months (  < 0.001). When groups were compared, the change in CRT was higher in the SRD group (  = 0.018), while there was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of BCVA changes (  = 0.448). The presence of SRD resulted in higher anatomical gain. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Decitabine.html SRD had no effects on visual changes after dexamethasone treatment in patients with ranibizumab-resistant DME. The presence of SRD resulted in higher anatomical gain. SRD had no effects on visual changes after dexamethasone treatment in patients with ranibizumab-resistant DME.Childhood uveitis comprises a collection of heterogenous ocular phenotypes which are associated with a diverse range of childhood autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. Of these genetic and/or acquired disorders, juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common, affecting 30-80% of children with uveitis. Up to a third of children with uveitis have 'isolated' idiopathic disease and do not have an associated systemic disease which manifests in childhood. However, uveitis may be the presenting manifestation of disease; thus, the apparently well child who presents with uveitis may have isolated idiopathic disease, but they may have an evolving systemic disorder. The diagnosis of most of the associated disorders is reliant on clinical features rather than serological or genetic investigations, necessitating detailed medical history taking and systemic examination. Adequate control of inflammation is key to good visual outcomes, and multidisciplinary care is key to good broader health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate conjunctivochalasis (CCH) and its relationship with tear meniscus and tear function in an elderly population. This prospective, observational study included 144 eyes of 144 patients aged >65 years who were referred to our clinic for various reasons. The patients were separated into group 1 including 64 eyes of 64 patients with CCH and group 2 including 80 eyes of 80 patients without CCH. All patients in both groups underwent a full ophthalmological examination, and the presence of CCH, fluorescein tear break-up time (FTBUT) test, Schirmer test, ocular surface staining (Oxford grading score) and OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) test results were recorded. Measurements of the conjunctivochalasis area (CCHA), tear meniscus height (TMH) and tear meniscus area (TMA) were taken using anterior segment optic coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Group 1 comprised 34 females and 30 males with a mean age of 71.15 ± 12.34 years. Group 2 comprised 43 females and 37 males with a mean age of 68.16 ± 6.05 years (  = 0.122). The CCH rate was 44.4% in all of the examined patients. The OSDI score and the ocular surface staining test were significantly higher (  < 0.05), and the FTBUT, TMH and TMA were significantly lower (  < 0.05) in group 1 than in group 2. The Schirmer I test results were not significantly different between the two groups. The prevalence of CCH is quite high in elderly individuals and may disrupt tear function in these patients. The prevalence of CCH is quite high in elderly individuals and may disrupt tear function in these patients.