4-methyl-benzophenone (4-MBP) was detectable in 11% of the seminal fluid samples while in less then 5% of the urine samples. Overall 45% of the men had at least one of the UV filters present in their seminal fluid at detectable levels. For BP-1 and BP-3 individual levels in urine and seminal fluid were significantly correlated, while this was not evident for BP nor 4-MBP. In conclusion, chemical UV filters are present in men's seminal fluid; some of which can activate the human sperm-specific CatSper Ca2+ channel and thereby potentially interfere with the fertilisation process.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.Bit configuration and acting rein forces play a crucial role in oral health and comfort of ridden horses. Although it is a big animal welfare issue, dynamic response of horses to different bits has yet not been thoroughly investigated. This convenience sample experimental study describes a model to overcome the almost uncontrollable influence of riders on rein tension and evaluates self-controlled maximum side rein tension of ten sound horses randomly bitted with a double-jointed (DJS) and a version of a Mullen mouth snaffle-bit under unridden conditions. Horses were exercised at walk and trot on a horizontal treadmill wearing custom made force-sensing resistors (FSR) equipped to side reins. FSR were synchronized with a camera-based motion analysis system providing information on amplitudes and temporal occurrence of self-controlled maximum side rein tensile forces during different phases of separated motion cycles. The DJS exhibited larger side rein tension, indicating higher bit contact. Constant temporal occurrence of monophasic maxima at walk and biphasic maxima at trot could be observed in both bits. Within the limitations of this study, application of FSR linked to side reins in unridden horses may provide a promising tool when studying subjective response of horses to different bits.Electroactive hydrogels that exhibit large deformation in response to an electric field have received significant attention as a potential actuating material for soft actuators and artificial muscle. However, their mechanical actuation has been limited in simple bending or folding due to uniform electric field modulation. To implement complex movements, a pre-program, such as a hinge and a multilayer pattern, is usually required for the actuator in advance. Here, we propose a reprogrammable actuating method and sophisticated manipulation by using multipolar three-dimensional electric field modulation without pre-program. Through the multipolar spatial electric field modulator, which controls the polarity/intensity of the electric field in three-dimensions, complex three-dimensional (3D) actuation of single hydrogels are achieved. Also, air bubbles generated during operation in the conventional horizontal configuration are not an issue in the proposed new vertical configuration. We demonstrate soft robotic actuators, including basic bending mechanics in terms of controllability and reliability, and several 3D shapes having positive and negative curvature can easily be achieved in a single sheet, paving the way for continuously reconfigurable materials.Although many patients with cluster headaches (CH) are disabled by their condition, few studies have examined this in detail. This cross-sectional, multicenter observational study prospectively collected demographic and clinical questionnaire data from 224 consecutive patients with CH. We assessed headache impact using the six-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and evaluated the factors associated with the impact of CH. Participants with a HIT-6 score ≥ 60 were classified into a severe impact group. The majority (190, 84.8%) of the participants were classified into the severe impact group. These patients were characterized by younger age, earlier onset of CH, longer duration of each headache attack, higher pain intensity, more cranial autonomic symptoms, a higher proportion of depression or anxiety, higher score of stress, and lower score of quality of life. The anxiety (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.08-1.31, p = 0.006), greater pain intensity (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10, p = 0.002), and age (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.99-1.00, p = 0.008) were significant predictors for a severe impact of CH patients. According to the HIT-6 results, most of the CH patients were significantly affected by CH. As well as pain intensity, anxiety and age modulated CH's impact on their lives.The selection of reliable reference genes (RGs) for normalization under given experimental conditions is necessary to develop an accurate qRT-PCR assay. To the best of our knowledge, only a small number of RGs have been rigorously identified and used in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/necrostatin-1.html  Kuntze) under abiotic stresses, but no critical RG identification has been performed for tea plants under any biotic stresses till now. In the present study, we measured the mRNA transcriptional levels of ten candidate RGs under five experimental conditions; these genes have been identified as stable RGs in tea plants. By using the ΔCt method, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper, CLATHRIN1 and UBC1, TUA1 and SAND1, or SAND1 and UBC1 were identified as the best combination for normalizing diurnal gene expression in leaves, stems and roots individually; CLATHRIN1 and GAPDH1 were identified as the best combination for jasmonic acid treatment; ACTIN1 and UBC1 were identified as the best combination for Toxoptera aurantii-infested leaves; UBC1 and GAPDH1 were identified as the best combination for Empoasca onukii-infested leaves; and SAND1 and TBP1 were identified as the best combination for Ectropis obliqua regurgitant-treated leaves. Furthermore, our results suggest that if the processing time of the treatment was long, the best RGs for normalization should be recommended according to the stability of the proposed RGs in different time intervals when intragroup differences were compared, which would strongly increase the accuracy and sensitivity of target gene expression in tea plants under biotic stresses. However, when the differences of intergroup were compared, the RGs for normalization should keep consistent across different time points. The results of this study provide a technical guidance for further study of the molecular mechanisms of tea plants under different biotic stresses.