In this paper, the d(GCGAAGC) heptamer and the closely related d(GCGAGC) hexamer are examined via electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and spectroscopic (circular dichroism) methods. Dramatic changes in the CD spectroscopic and CV electrochemical properties, induced by the loss of only one single nucleotide (A), are detected. The CD spectra and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) confirmed structural changes taking place in the relevant chain-like oligodeoxynucleotide assemblies. Dedicated studies suggest that the heptamer (Hp) possesses a hairpin structure, whereas the hexamer (Hx) appears to be rather a duplex. Both of the structures exhibited completely different adsorption behavior at the hanging mercury drop electrode, and this factor was readily confirmed by means of elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS). We established that the Hp hairpin (~-1300 mV), compared to the Hx duplex (~-1360 mV), is the thermodynamically favored electron acceptor. The adsorption isotherms were constructed based on the voltammetric peak height values, reflecting the reduction of the adenine (A) and cytosine (C) moieties as well as the oxidation of the 7,8-dihydroguanine (7,8-DHG) moieties. Finally, as revealed by the spectroscopic and electrochemical results, Hx forms a bimolecular antiparallel homo-duplex carrying both Watson-Crick base pairs (CG or GC) and mismatched edge-to-edge base pairs (GA or AG). V.OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of real-time haptic feedback gait retraining for reducing resultant tibial acceleration (TA-R) with runners, the retention of changes over four weeks, and the transfer of learning to overground running. DESIGN Case control.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Carboplatin.html  SETTING Biomechanical laboratory treadmill, and track-based overground, running. PARTICIPANTS 18 experienced uninjured high tibial acceleration runners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES TA-R measured while treadmill and overground running assessed at pre-, post- and 4-weeks post-intervention. RESULTS Across the group, a 50% reduction in TA-R was measured post-intervention (ES 0.9, z = -18.2, p  less then  .001), and 41% reduction at 4-weeks (ES 0.8, z = -12.9, p  less then  .001) with treadmill running. A 28% reduction (ES 0.7, z = -13.2, p  less then  .001), and a 17% reduction in TA-R were measured at these same time points when runners ran overground (ES 0.7, z = -11.2, p  less then  .001). All but two runners responded positively to the intervention at the post-intervention assessment. Eleven runners were categorised as positive responders to the intervention at the 4-week post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Haptic feedback based on TA-R appears to be as effective, but less invasive and expensive, compared to other more established modalities, such as visual feedback. This new approach to movement retraining has the potential to revolutionise the way runners engage in gait retraining. OBJECTIVES To evaluate Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) of the Pelvic Floor Muscles (PFM) in sportswomen, to observe the urinary symptoms and their impact on the Quality of Life (QoL). DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING Gyms and teams in the North of Portugal. PARTICIPANTS Sportswomen (n = 197). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The measurement was performed using a manometer. The sportswomen were instructed to perform 3 MVC of the perineum, held for 3 s. The Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ) was used to evaluate urinary symptoms and the QoL of the sportswomen. RESULTS Age significantly influenced (p  less then  0.05) the QoL in all domains. An increase in BMI was also significantly associated with a decrease in the QoL. MVC values had a highly significant effect on the overall QoL and all domains, including a reduction in urinary symptoms. The weekly time of physical activity was associated with a better QoL in symptomatology. The practice of high-impact activities decreased the QoL (compared to low-impact activities). The vaginal resting pressure values ranged from 1.60 to 59.80 (24.34 ± 11.00). CONCLUSIONS Age, BMI and high-impact sports appear to be the leading factors that promote the onset of SUI, which in turn decrease the QoL in sportswomen. There was a positive association between MVC and weekly time of physical activity in the QoL. OBJECTIVES To gain insight into perceived factors related to bone health and stress fracture (SF) prevention for female runners and to understand their experiences within the medical community. DESIGN Cohort qualitative study. SETTING University health system. PARTICIPANTS Forty female runners, 20 who had SF histories and 20 age-and-running-distance matched women without SF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Women participated in audiotaped qualitative semi-structured interviews. For women with a SF history, questions sought their perspectives on factors that they felt contributed to SF, experiences with the medical community, and changes made post SF. For women without a SF history, questions sought perspectives on factors felt important to perceived running-related bone health. RESULTS Six themes emerged; 1) Previous/Recurrent Musculoskeletal Injuries, 2) Activity Patterns and Training Regimens, 3) Nutrition, 4) Prevention and Intervention, 5) Pain, and 6) Mindset. Within these themes, between group differences are characterized by differences in knowledge and/or application of knowledge for health and wellness. Compared to women without SF, women with SF histories increased training load more quickly, had poorer nutrition, performed less cross-training, and kept running despite pain. CONCLUSIONS More education is needed for female runners to decrease risks for SF. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a unique population of adult stem cells that can differentiate into many cell types. As such, MSCs represent an interesting source of stem cells for use in the clinical treatment of a variety of disorders involving tissue regeneration. It is therefore crucial to investigate further, whether MSCs from patients with bone or cartilage diseases are able to provide iPSCs lines with efficient differentiation ability into MSC derivatives. For this purpose, we derived 3 stable iPSC lines from the MSCs of 3 elderly patients with osteoarthritis (OA) able to re-differentiate into MSC to make bone, cartilage and adipose tissue. V.