To improve outcomes in childhood and adolescent AN, age-specific and timely diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are urgently needed.
 To improve outcomes in childhood and adolescent AN, age-specific and timely diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are urgently needed.
  To clarify whether indium in serum (In-S) is an appropriate parameter for assessing accumulated indium concentration in the lungs (In-L).
 
  During our approximately 15-year Japanese cohort follow-up, five male indium-tin oxide (ITO) or/and indium trioxide-exposed workers underwent lung surgical procedures to treat lung diseases or to confirm a diagnosis of lung impairments. We measured In-L of these Cases 1-5 and were able to assess the relationship between In-L and the most recent In-S. Another 1 Japanese case (Case 6) exposed to indium trioxide and indium hydroxide was referred from an article.
 
  Cases 1 and 3 had lung cancer, Case 2 suffered from recurrent pneumothorax, and Case 4 had interstitial pneumonia with mild emphysema. Case 5 had severe emphysema with pulmonary hypertension and underwent bilateral lung transplantation. In Cases 1-5, In-L and In-S ranged from 3.4 to 161.2µg/g wet weight and 0.7 to 60.4ng/mL, respectively, and In-L/In-S ratios ranged from 2484 to 4857. The slope of the single regression equation with zero intercept was 2767 and the correlation coefficient was 0.995. In contrast, Case 6 was extraordinarily outlying, but the reason is unclear.
 
  In-S is an excellent predictor for assessing indium load in the lungs in ITO or/and indium trioxide-exposed workers. However, number of cases was only five and not enough to authorize definite conclusion. It is desirable to add more cases to confirm our conclusion.
 In-S is an excellent predictor for assessing indium load in the lungs in ITO or/and indium trioxide-exposed workers. However, number of cases was only five and not enough to authorize definite conclusion. It is desirable to add more cases to confirm our conclusion.
  To determine whether repeated [
  F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) scans can predict increased cancer-specific survival (CSS) after induction chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy (RC).
 
  Between 2007 and 2018, 86 patients with clinically lymph node (LN)-positive bladder cancer (T1-T4, N1-N3, M0-M1a) were included and underwent a repeated FDG-PET-CT during cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy. The 71 patients that had a response to chemotherapy underwent RC. Response to chemotherapy was evaluated in LNs through repeated FDG-PET-CT and stratified as partial response or complete response using three different methods maximum standardised uptake value (SUV
  ), adapted Deauville criteria, and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Progression-free survival (PFS) and CSS were analysed for all three methods by Cox regression analysis.
 
  After a median follow-up of 40 months, 15 of the 71 patients who underwent RC had died from bladder cancer. Using SUV
  and the chemotherapy followed by RC in patients with LN-positive bladder cancer and comprises a novel tool in evaluating response to chemotherapy before surgery. This strategy has the potential to tailor treatment in individual patients by identifying significant response to chemotherapy, which motivates the administration of a full course of induction chemotherapy with a higher threshold for suspending treatment due to toxicity and side-effects.Arecoline, the main alkaloid of areca nut, is well known for its role in inducing submucosal fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to establish an arecoline-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) model of OSCC cells and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. CAL33 and UM2 cells were induced with arecoline to establish an EMT cell model and perform RNA-sequence screening. Luminex multiplex cytokine assays, western blot, and RT-qPCR were used to investigate the EMT mechanism. Arecoline at a concentration of 160 μg/ml was used to induce EMT in OSCC cells, which was confirmed using morphological analysis, transwell assays, and EMT marker detection. RNA-sequence screening and Luminex multiplex cytokine assays showed that many inflammatory cytokines (such as serum amyloid A1 [SAA1], interleukin [IL]-6, IL-36G, chemokine [CCL]2, and CCL20) were significantly altered during arecoline-induced EMT. Of these cytokines, SAA1 was the most highly upregulated. SAA1 overexpression induced EMT and promoted the migration and invasion of CAL33 cells, while SAA1 knockdown attenuated arecoline-induced EMT. Moreover, arecoline enhanced cervical lymph node metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft model of the tongue established using BALB/c nude mice. Our findings revealed that arecoline induced EMT and enhanced the metastatic capability of OSCC by the regulation of inflammatory cytokine secretion, especially that of SAA1.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lenalidomide-s1029.html  Our study provides a basis for understanding the mechanism of OSCC metastasis and suggests possible therapeutic targets to prevent the occurrence and development of OSCC associated with areca nut chewing.
  The effect of second-line treatment on overall survival (OS) may be affected by subsequent treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, in such patients, the correlation between post-progression survival (PPS) and OS is unclear. Our study assessed the correlation of progression-free survival (PFS) and PPS with OS, using individual patient data, in advanced NSCLC patients who were treated with second-line nivolumab monotherapy, METHODS Between January 2016 and March 2019, we evaluated 92 NSCLC patients who received second-line nivolumab treatment after first-line platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Using individual patient data, the correlations of PFS and PPS with OS were examined.
 
  Linear regression and Spearman rank correlation analysis demonstrated that PPS was strongly correlated with OS (r = 0.85, p < 0.05, R
  = 0.75), while PFS was moderately correlated with OS (r = 0.65, p < 0.05, R
  = 0.42). Performance status at the beginning of second-line treatment, immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge, and the number of treatment regimens used post-progression, after the second-line treatment significantly correlated with PPS (p < 0.