Complications were more frequent for influenza-positive than influenza-negative patients. The influenza incidence rate was highest in the geriatric ward and increased over the study period.
 
  Hospital-acquired influenza poses a significant risk to already vulnerable patients. Longitudinal surveillance data are essential to support better recognition and monitoring of viral infections in hospitals.
 Hospital-acquired influenza poses a significant risk to already vulnerable patients. Longitudinal surveillance data are essential to support better recognition and monitoring of viral infections in hospitals.We studied the repression of adult and embryo-larval genes of the major globin gene locus in D. rerio fibroblasts. The results obtained suggest that at least some of the globin genes are repressed by Polycomb, similarly to human α-globin genes. Furthermore, within two α/β globin gene pairs, repression of α-type and β-type genes appears to be mediated by different mechanisms, as increasing the level of histone acetylation can activate transcription of only β-type genes.
  Heart failure hospitalizations are a major financial cost to healthcare systems. This study aimed to evaluate the costs associated with inpatient hospitalization.
 
  Patients with a primary diagnosis of heart failure during a hospital admission between 2010 and 2014 in the U.S. Nationwide Readmission Database were included. The primary outcome was total cost defined by direct cost of index admission and first readmission within 30-days.
 
  A total of 2,645,336 patients with primary heart failure were included in the analysis. The mean±SD total cost overall was $13,807±24,145; with mean total costs of $15,618±25,264 for patients with 30-day readmission and $11,845±22,710 for patients without a readmission. The comorbidities strongly associated with increased cost were pulmonary circulatory disorder (OR 26.24 95% CI 20.06-34.33), valvular heart disease (OR 25.42 95% CI 20.65-31.28) and bleeding (OR 5.96 95% CI 5.47-6.50). Among hospitalized patients, 12.6% underwent an invasive diagnostic procedure or treatment. The mean cost for patients without invasive care was $10,995. This increased by $129,547, $119,769, $251,110 and $293,575 for receipt of circulatory support, intra-aortic balloon pump, LV assist device and heart transplant. The greatest mean additional cost annually was associated with receipt of coronary angiogram ($26,282 per person for a total of ($728.5 million) and mechanical ventilation ($54,529 per person for a total of $501.7 million).
 
  In conclusion, the costs associated with inpatient heart failure care are significant, and the major contributors to inpatient costs are comorbidities, invasive procedures and readmissions.
 In conclusion, the costs associated with inpatient heart failure care are significant, and the major contributors to inpatient costs are comorbidities, invasive procedures and readmissions.
  Electrocardiographic T-wave morphology is used in drug safety studies as an adjunct to the QT
  interval, but few measurements of T-wave morphology can be interpreted in clinical practice. Morphology combination score (MCS) is a combination of T-wave flatness/peakedness, asymmetry, and notching, enabling easy visual assessment of T-wave morphology. We aimed to test the association between T-wave morphology, quantified by MCS, and mortality.
 
  We included electrocardiograms recorded in 2001-2011 from 342,294 primary care patients. Using Cox regression, we evaluated the association between MCS, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality, adjusting for heart rate, QT
  , QT-prolonging drugs, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and congestive heart failure.
 
  270,039 individuals (44% men, median age 55 [inter-quartile range 42-67years]) were included and followed for a median of 9.3years, during which time 13,489 (5.0%) died from cardiovascular causes and 50,481 (18.7%) from any cause. High values of MCS (i.e. asymmetric, flattened, and/or notched T waves) were associated with an adjusted mortality Hazard Ratio of 1.75 (95% CI 1.62-1.89) and 1.61 (1.43-1.92) for women and men, respectively. Low values of MCS (i.e. peaked and symmetric T waves) were associated with a Hazard Ratio of 1.18 (1.08-1.28) and 1.71 (1.48-1.98) for women and men, respectively.
 
  In a large primary care population, we found that T-wave asymmetry, flatness, and notching provided prognostic information on mortality independent of heart rate, QTc, and baseline comorbidities.
 In a large primary care population, we found that T-wave asymmetry, flatness, and notching provided prognostic information on mortality independent of heart rate, QTc, and baseline comorbidities.
  To examine the relationship between the length of oestrogen exposure and risk of incident stroke. Also, the additive value of each model was compared for assessing oestrogen exposure and stroke risk in postmenopausal women.
 
  Prospective study of 5632 post-menopausal women without a prior history of stroke from 1996 through 2016 in Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Data on surrogate measures of oestrogen exposure were used to derive five indices of oestrogen exposure including reproductive lifespan (RLS) (age at menopause-age at menarche), endogenous oestrogen and total oestrogen exposure (which included menopausal hormone therapy (MHT use)). The relationships between the length of oestrogen exposure (quartiles) and incident stroke events were examined using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression and their predictive accuracy were compared using area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve.
 
  The mean (SD) for RLS was 37.9(4.3) years. A shorter RLS (≤34 years) was associated with a higher risk of incident stroke after adjustment (HR 1.85, 95%CI 1.08, 3.15), compared with 38-40 years.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  There was 7% decrease in risk of stroke per 1-year increase in RLS (HR 0.93, 95%CI 0.89, 0.97). Even though the combination of endogenous oestrogen and exogenous hormones aimed to provide more accurate length of oestrogen exposure, the results showed that each model had similar goodness of fit and did not improve the model of just using RLS as a predictor of incident stroke.
 
  A shorter RLS (≤34 years) was associated with higher risk of incident stroke compared to medium RLS. Endogenous oestrogen and of total oestrogen exposure (which included MHT use) did not improve the model of just using RLS as a predictor of incident stroke.
 A shorter RLS (≤34 years) was associated with higher risk of incident stroke compared to medium RLS. Endogenous oestrogen and of total oestrogen exposure (which included MHT use) did not improve the model of just using RLS as a predictor of incident stroke.