9%). Technical difficulties occurred in 17/68 (25%) and complications in 3/68 (5.9%) patients.
 
  eFTR is a useful technique with a high success rate in treating lesions not previously amenable to endoscopic therapy. Whilst technical difficulties may arise, complication rates are low and outcomes are acceptable, making eFTR a viable alternative to surgery for some specific lesions.
 eFTR is a useful technique with a high success rate in treating lesions not previously amenable to endoscopic therapy. Whilst technical difficulties may arise, complication rates are low and outcomes are acceptable, making eFTR a viable alternative to surgery for some specific lesions.
  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with safe maternal outcomes but perinatal outcomes have been variable. We assessed clinical factors and impact of bile acid levels on maternal and neonatal outcomes in ICP.
 
  Patients with ICP (defined as pruritus with serum bile acids ≥ 10 mmol/l) were included prospectively with an assessment of risk factors, modes of delivery as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes. Mild and severe ICP were diagnosed when serum bile acid was always <40 mmol/l and ≥40 mmol/l, respectively. Patients with gestational pruritus served as controls.
 
  Out of 643 patients, 375 patients (mean age 29 ± 7.6 years, 45.8% primigravida) met inclusion criteria. Pregnancy-induced hypertension [PIH 10.5%; odds ratio (OR) 4.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4-8.5; P = 0.0014], gestational diabetes (GDM 12.5%; OR 2.6; 95% CI 2.3-4.1; P = 0.045) and spontaneous preterm labor (15.1%; OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; P = 0.040) were higher in patients with ICP. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (median dose 900 mg; 600-1800 mg) ameliorated symptoms of cholestasis, bile acid levels and liver aminotransferases in 79% cases. When compared with patients with mild ICP, patients with severe ICP presented at a lower gestational period (26 vs. 32 weeks, P = 0.036), required frequent induction (12.5%; OR 3.2; 95% CI 2.1-5.6; P = 0.045) and had increased fetal distress (15%; OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3-4.9; P = 0.048).Overall eight stillbirths were recorded.
 
  Severe ICP is associated with a higher incidence of GDM and PIH, risk of pre-term labor, elective induction and stillbirths. UDCA remains a first-line agent in treating ICP.
 Severe ICP is associated with a higher incidence of GDM and PIH, risk of pre-term labor, elective induction and stillbirths. UDCA remains a first-line agent in treating ICP.
  A measure for the assessment of self-injurious behavior is developed. Commencing with a Delphi composed of 33 experts detached experts (academics), experts by exposure (staff), and experts by experience (patients), the Theory-driven Measure of Self-Injurious Behavior Engagement is outlined. This is then examined in two samples high-secure psychiatric male patients (n = 76) and high-secure psychiatric nursing staff (n = 100; 50 men, 50 women). We predicted that all components of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the capacity, belongingness, and burdensomeness elements of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior would be confirmed as important inclusions. Results initially showed the importance of including intention, perceived behavioral control, affect, capacity, and burdensomeness. The role of environmental and individual factors, such as coping, was captured as additional variables of value. However, the structure of items differed between patients and staff. Being valued consistently of value. However, the structure of items differed between patients and staff. Being valued consistently represented a core consideration, as did capacity and affect. Directions for future research are indicated.
  The purpose of this study was to understand the association between physician assistant (PA) state scope of practice (SOP) laws and (1) PA program growth and (2) PA graduate demographics.
 
  Scope of practice laws were categorized as ideal, average, and restrictive. Descriptive statistics by year and SOP categories were determined for the number of states, population density, PA programs, and PA graduate number, gender, race, and mean age. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze demographic data by SOP categories. Adjusted risk ratios were generated for the number of PA programs and SOP categories.
 
  The number of PA programs is not associated with ideal SOP states. As of 2017, only 10 states have restrictive SOP laws. A minority of PA students now graduate from states with restrictive SOP laws.
 
  There is heterogeneity in PA SOP laws throughout the United States but only a minority of PA graduates now come from restrictive SOP states. This study provides foundational information prior to the implementation of optimal team practice.
 There is heterogeneity in PA SOP laws throughout the United States but only a minority of PA graduates now come from restrictive SOP states.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Eloxatin.html  This study provides foundational information prior to the implementation of optimal team practice.
  During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is concern that social distancing, fear of contagion, quarantining of providers, cancellation of elective procedures, media coverage about the pandemic, and other factors drastically reduced physician visits, putting severe financial strain on outpatient providers, and having unknown ramifications for health outcomes.
 
  We estimate the effect of the pandemic on utilization of outpatient services.
 
  Using 2010-2020 data from a national dataset, the Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network, we estimate the difference in outpatient care utilization during the time period of the COVID-19 pandemic versus the same weeks in prior years.
 
  Our findings indicate that the pandemic started to reduce visits during the week of March 15-21. The effect on visits grew until reaching a peak during the week of April 5-11, 2020, when the pandemic reduced the total number of outpatient visits per provider by 70% relative to the same week in prior years. We find negative effects26 to August 1, 2020.
  The objective of the review is to evaluate circulating levels of leptin in people diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia syndrome and to investigate the differences compared with healthy controls.
 
  Myalgic encephalomyelitis chronic fatigue syndrome is a condition that has major symptoms, including self-reported fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and unexplained pain across the body. The widespread pain is measured in a systematic way and is often referred to as fibromyalgia. The two disorders have many similarities, but their association with leptin has indicated that leptin may affect the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and symptom severity.
 
  This review will consider observational studies of varying study designs including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, time-series, and analytical cross-sectional studies that include both cases and healthy comparators. Cases will include a diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and/or fibromyalgia.