RESULTS In short-term follow-up, BMO-MRW and BMO-MRA increased significantly (p = 0.189). CONCLUSIONS Lowering of intraocular pressure by glaucoma drainage device surgery leads to an increase of Bruch's membrane opening based parameters in the first 6 months after surgery. These changes have to be taken into account when evaluating patients' longitudinal follow-up after glaucoma drainage device implantation.PURPOSE Current methods to analyse the globe position, including Hertel exophthalmometry and computed tomography (CT), are limited to the axial plane and require the lateral orbital rim and cornea as landmarks. This pilot study aimed to design a method to measure the position of the globe in the axial, coronal and sagittal plane and independent from orbital bony and corneal references. METHODS With the aid of three-dimensional CT reconstruction technology, we determined the globe position in the orbit based on the centre of the globe. Method validation was performed using data of consecutive orbital CT scans from the control group and from the patients with Graves' orbitopathy who underwent orbital decompression surgery with removal of the lateral orbital margin. RESULTS The inter- and intra-observer reliability was excellent with a high intraclass correlation coefficient (> 0.99, 95% CI [0.97; 1.00]). In the decompressed orbits, there was a statistically significant globe position shift along the anterior-posterior axis (P = 0.0005, 95% CI [0.63; 3.66]), but not along the medial-lateral and superior-inferior axis.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/diphenhydramine.html  CONCLUSION The 3D CT method can accurately and reliably characterise the globe position shift in the three dimensions without using orbital and corneal anatomical landmarks. The method can be useful to determine the globe shift in proptosis, enophthalmos, hypoglobus and hyperglobus, even in the presence of strabismus and orbital bone defects.This study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal and lactational methcathinone exposure on the development and the learning and memory abilities of rat offspring using a Sprague-Dawley rat model. Pregnant and lactating rats were administered a consecutive daily dose of methcathinone (0.37 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of saline by injection on gestational days 7-20 and postnatal days 2-15, respectively. The physical development and neurobehavioral test results of rat pups were recorded throughout the lactation period. Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were performed from postnatal day 35 to day 42 to assess the learning and memory abilities of rat offspring in adolescence. The occurrence of hair growth and developments in neurological reflexes, such as improvements in limb grasp, righting reflex, and gait, were delayed in pups after perinatal methcathinone exposure compared with that in the control. Results from MWM and NOR tests indicate that perinatal methcathinone exposure induced deficits in spatial memory, learning ability, and novel object exploration in the adolescent offspring compared with that in the control. The impairment of spatial learning and memory was greater in the prenatal exposure group, while the impairment of novel object exploration was greater in the lactational exposure group. These data show that the prenatal and lactational methcathinone exposure induced the delay of physical and neurological reflex development and impaired learning and memory in rat offspring.PURPOSE This study aimed to estimate the health preference scores of the Chinese population with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) using the EQ-5D-5L Hong Kong (HK) population tariff according to different sociodemographic characteristics in HK. METHODS Data were obtained from a cross-sectional, territory-wide study of patient experience on specialist outpatient services in a public setting in HK. The EQ-5D-5L HK was used to collect the patients' health status. A total of 2326 respondents were reported to suffer from DM, and their information was elicited and used for the analysis in this study. A robust ANOVA method was used to compare the differences in EQ-5D-5L index scores among subgroups. Binary logistic regressions were used to predict the probability of respondents reporting full health, and ordinal least square (OLS) model was used to assess the relationship between DM and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS The mean EQ-5D-5L index score for DM patients was 0.84. A total of 229 EQ-5D health states were reported. Altogether, 47.5% of the respondents reported having some problems with pain/discomfort, followed by mobility (26.4%), usual activities (26.0%), and anxiety/depression (23.5%). Logistic regression and OLS models indicated that male and fully employed respondents were less likely to report having problems with any of the five dimensions and index score of EQ-5D than female and non-fully employed respondents. The findings of OLS model also showed that DM patients that experience comorbidity with three and more chronic conditions were more likely to show a lower index score than respondents who reported living with DM alone. CONCLUSION The EQ-5D index scores varied among DM patient characteristics and were more highly impaired with multimorbidity status. Interventions targeting at-risk subgroups, such as modifying single-diseased guidelines, might be helpful to improve their HRQoL.PURPOSE There is a lack of population-based data describing patient reported outcomes (PROs) in melanoma survivors which could guide the development of interventions and resources. This study assessed overall quality of life (QoL), self-reported symptoms and unmet information needs in melanoma survivors 1, 3 or 5 years post-diagnosis. METHODS A cross-sectional postal survey was conducted in Victoria, Australia, with eligible melanoma survivors identified from a population-based cancer registry. Patient-reported outcome measures included the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), and self-reported symptoms, difficulties and information needs. Associations between demographic, disease and care-related factors and QoL were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 476 melanoma survivors participated in the study (response rate 46.5%). Anxiety and depressive symptoms were more prevalent in survivors compared to the general population (30.7% vs 21.6%; p  2 mm thickness were associated with lower QoL. CONCLUSION A large proportion of melanoma survivors reported ongoing quality of life deficits, fear of cancer recurrence, as well as unmet information needs up to 5 years after diagnosis.