The hippocampus is a brain structure important for memory and cognitive function. Physical activity may help prevent hippocampal atrophy. However, few studies have measured sedentary behavior (SB) and intensity-specific physical activity using an accelerometer. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations of objectively-determined SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured by an accelerometer with hippocampal volume among community-dwelling older adults using compositional data analysis (CoDa) approach.
 
  This cross-sectional study was part of the Neuron to Environmental Impact across Generations (NEIGE) study. A randomly recruited sample of 485 Japanese older adults (47% male; aged 65-84 years) wore tri-axial accelerometers (Omron Healthcare) for seven consecutive days in 2017. Hippocampal volume was measured with magnetic resonance imaging and the left and right hippocampal volumes were automatically segmented using FreeSurfer soe.Glutamate induces neuronal damage by generating oxidative stress and neurotoxicities. The neurological damage caused by glutamate is more severe during brain development in newborns than in adults. Resveratrol is naturally present in a variety of fruits and medicinal plants and exerts a neuroprotective effect against brain damage. The goal of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol and to identify changed proteins in response to resveratrol treatment during glutamate-induced neonatal cortical damage. Sprague-Dawley rat pups (7 days old) were randomly divided into vehicle, resveratrol, glutamate, and glutamate and resveratrol groups. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with glutamate (10 mg/kg) and/or resveratrol (20 mg/kg) and their brain tissue was collected 4 hr after drug administration. Glutamate exposure caused severe histopathological changes, while resveratrol attenuated this damage. We identified regulated proteins by resveratrol in glutamate-induced cortical damaged tissue using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Among identified proteins, we focused on eukaryotic initiation factor 4A2, γ-enolase, protein phosphatase 2A subunit B, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. These proteins decreased in the glutamate-treated group, whereas the combination treatment of glutamate and resveratrol attenuated these protein reductions. These proteins are anti-oxidant proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins. These results suggest that glutamate induces brain cortical damage in newborns; resveratrol exerts a neuroprotective effect by controlling expression of various proteins with anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic functions.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with a high morbidity and mortality in China and elsewhere in the world. Due to its tumor heterogeneity and distant metastasis, patients with HCC often have a poor prognosis. A surgical treatment such as a radical hepatectomy is still the treatment of choice for patients with HCC in current clinical practice. However, the high rate of recurrence and rate of metastasis after surgery diminishes the survival of and prognosis for these patients. In an era of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the surgical treatment of HCC must change. This review focuses on the definition, feasibility, and criteria with which to evaluate neoadjuvant therapy for HCC in order to provide a new perspective on surgical treatment of HCC.
  Limited data are available regarding the vascular response after fluoropolymer paclitaxel-eluting stent (FP-PES) implantation. This study sought to assess the vascular response at 6 and 12 months after FP-PES implantation for femoropopliteal artery lesions using serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination.Methods and ResultsFrom the IMPERIAL trial, this study evaluated 10 de novo femoropopliteal lesions treated with FP-PES. The primary study endpoint was neointimal tissue coverage at a 6- and 12-month follow up, as assessed by serial OCT examination. The incidence of peri-strut low-intensity area (PLIA) and extra-stent lumen (ESL) was also assessed. A total of 203 matched cross-sectional images were evaluated at 6 and 12 months (5,615 and 5,763 struts, respectively). From 6 to 12 months, the mean neointimal thickness tended to increase from 198 µm to 233 µm, with a significant reduction in the incidence of malapposed struts (0.59% vs. 0.28%, P=0.039). Conversely, uncovered struts and PLIA were more frequently observed at 12 months (4.4% vs. 7.8%, P=0.01; 12.7% vs. 21.0%, P<0.001, respectively). The ESL area significantly increased over time without any difference in its incidence (0.24±0.32 mm
  vs. 0.38±0.36 mm
  , P=0.009).
 
  Neointimal proliferation was markedly inhibited from 6 to 12 months after FP-PES implantation, whereas the incidence of uncovered struts and PLIA significantly increased over time with the enlargement of ESL.
 Neointimal proliferation was markedly inhibited from 6 to 12 months after FP-PES implantation, whereas the incidence of uncovered struts and PLIA significantly increased over time with the enlargement of ESL.
  Although adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheets improve the cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI), underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lenalidomide-s1029.html  The aim of this study was to determine the fate of transplanted ADSC sheets and candidate angiogenic factors released from ADSCs for their cardiac protective actions.Methods and ResultsMI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Sheets of transgenic (Tg)-ADSCs expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP) and luciferase or wild-type (WT)-ADSCs were transplanted 1 week after MI. Both WT- and Tg-ADSC sheets improved cardiac functions evaluated by echocardiography at 3 and 5 weeks after MI. Histological examination at 5 weeks after MI demonstrated that either sheet suppressed fibrosis and increased vasculogenesis. Luciferase signals from Tg-ADSC sheets were detected at 1 and 2 weeks, but not at 4 weeks, after transplantation. RNA sequencing of PKH (yellow-orange fluorescent dye with long aliphatic tails)-labeled Tg-ADSCs identified mRNAs of 4 molecules related to angiogenesis, including those of Esm1 and Stc1 that increased under hypoxia.