In posterior urethroplasty, the target success rate was achieved in the fifth quintile group (20-27 cases). Bulbar urethroplasty had the fastest learning curve, and posterior urethroplasty the slowest. Bulbar urethroplasty had the fastest learning curve, and posterior urethroplasty the slowest. We investigated the possible association between preoperative bladder wall thickness (BWT) or detrusor wall thickness (DWT) and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) based on urodynamic studies in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Data were prospectively collected from a BPH surgery database. A total of 196 men who underwent prostate vaporization for symptomatic BPH were included in this study. BWT and DWT were measured in the suprapubic area after uroflowmetry. No significant difference was noted in BWT and DWT in any patient according to the presence of BOO; however, subgroup analysis showed that BWT and DWT were significantly thicker in the obstruction group in men aged 70 years or older than in those under age 70 (BWT 3.6+0.9 mm vs. 3.1+0.9 mm, p=0.022, DWT 2.8±0.8 mm vs. 2.3±0.8 mm, p=0.007). In this older age group, the classification based on a BWT ≥4.0 mm showed 31% sensitivity, 87% specificity, and 65% diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of BOO, whereas DWT ≥3.0 mm showed 49% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and 69% diagnostic accuracy. BWT and DWT were associated with BOO in men aged 70 years or older. Therefore, BWT and DWT will be a useful non-invasive parameter for deciding the management strategy for elderly men with symptomatic BPH. An appropriate measurement method should be established as soon as possible for further application of the relationship among BWT, DWT and BOO. BWT and DWT were associated with BOO in men aged 70 years or older. Therefore, BWT and DWT will be a useful non-invasive parameter for deciding the management strategy for elderly men with symptomatic BPH. An appropriate measurement method should be established as soon as possible for further application of the relationship among BWT, DWT and BOO. The clinical impact of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on the prognosis of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains controversial. We investigated the associations between elevation of the PLR and disease prognosis in patients with synchronous mRCC. The data of 1,505 patients with synchronous mRCC were retrospectively analyzed. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tegatrabetan.html The entire cohort was stratified into two subgroups according to PLR. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional analyses were performed to investigate the possible associations between the PLR and disease prognosis. There were 921 patients with a high PLR and 584 patients with a low PLR by use of the cutoff of 146. The patients with a high PLR had worse clinical characteristics in terms of advanced clinical stage (p<0.001) and rate of lymph node invasion (p=0.036). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with a high PLR had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) (p<0.001) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (p<0.001). The multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the PLR was an independent predictor for shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.345; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.183-1.530; p<0.001) and CSS (HR, 1.318; 95% CI, 1.156-1.502; p<0.001). In the subgroup analyses, the PLR showed a significant association with survival outcomes in the subgroup with clear cell type (all p<0.05) but not in the subgroup with the non-clear cell type. The PLR was an independent prognostic factor for survival outcomes in patients with mRCC. However, the association was statistically significant only in patients with clear cell type mRCC. The PLR was an independent prognostic factor for survival outcomes in patients with mRCC. However, the association was statistically significant only in patients with clear cell type mRCC. Prostate cancer (PCa) with biopsy-based grade group (GG) 1 or 2 characteristics has a favorable outcome, yet some cases still progress after radical prostatectomy and present with biochemical recurrence (BCR). We hypothesized that the multi-scale tissue architecture (MSTA) analysis score would correlate with the aggressive PCa phenotype and could be used as a tool for risk assessment to improve the management of patients with favorable-risk PCa. MSTA was evaluated in needle-biopsy samples from 115 patients with favorable-risk PCa, as defined by GG1 and GG2, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of <10 ng/mL, a clinical stage of cT1c to cT2b, and general Gleason GG (GGG) and expert pathologist-assessed GG (EGG). Algorithms based on Voronoi diagrams were applied to all Feulgen-thionin-stained diagnostic areas. One hundred tissue architecture features were calculated and an MSTA score, a linear combination of the most discriminant features, was generated. Correlation of MSTA score with BCR and other clinical variables was investigated. In a univariate regression model, EGG, clinical stage, and MSTA were significant predictors of BCR (respective p-values 0.0016, 0.016, and 0.028). Survival analysis showed that patients with a high MSTA score were more likely to experience BCR than were patients with a low MSTA score (odds ratio, 2.9). Combining MSTA with GG assessment resulted in a significant stratification of risk for BCR. MSTA score could be used as an objective adjunct risk stratification tool to pathologist assessments and could improve the management of patients with favorable-risk PCa. MSTA score could be used as an objective adjunct risk stratification tool to pathologist assessments and could improve the management of patients with favorable-risk PCa. We compared the protective effect of additional tunica vaginalis flap coverage combined with a dartos flap against urethrocutaneous fistulas in tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty in a randomized controlled trial. This prospective, randomized controlled trial in a single tertiary center enrolled 50 patients in whom it was feasible to perform single TIP urethroplasty between 2016 and 2017. Consecutive children were randomly allocated to study group A (additional tunica vaginalis flap coverage, n=25) or control group B (dartos-only coverage, n=25). All patients were examined in the outpatient clinic at 1, 3, 12, and 24 months. Postoperative cosmetic outcomes were evaluated by surgeons and parents using the Pediatric Penile Perception Scale questionnaire. In group B, 1 of 25 patients (4.0%) developed an urethrocutaneous fistula within 12 months. An additional two cases of fistula were found in all proximal-type hypospadias patients at 24 months in the same group without statistical significance (p=0.