https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mk-8353-sch900353.html ; Pre-results. With a marginally effective vaccine and no significant breakthroughs in new treatments, a sensitive and specific method to distinguish active tuberculosis from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) would allow for early diagnosis and limit the spread of the pathogen. The analysis of multiple cytokine profiles provides the possibility to differentiate the two diseases. Systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinical Key and EMBASE databases were searched on 31 December 2019. We included case-control studies, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials considering IFN-γ, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12 and VEGF as biomarkers to distinguish active tuberculosis and LTBI. Two students independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Diagnostic OR, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios and area under the curve (AUC) together with 95% CI were used to estimate the diagnostic value. Of 1315 records identified, 14 studies were considered eligible. IL-2 had the highest sensitivity (0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.92), while VEGF had the highest specificity (0.87, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.94). The highest AUC was observed for VEGF (0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.88), followed by IFN-γ (0.84, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.87) and IL-2 (0.84, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.87). Cytokines, such as IL-2, IFN-γ and VEGF, can be utilised as promising biomarkers to distinguish active tuberculosis from LTBI. CRD42020170725. CRD42020170725. In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, has increased rapidly in recent years, although HIV infection remains a leading cause of death among young-middle-aged adults. Health service coverage for NCDs remains very low in contrast to HIV, despite the increasing prevalence of comorbidity of NCDs with HIV. There is an urgent need to expand healthcare capacity to provide integrated s