The term 'bacteriophage' (devourer of bacteria) was coined by Félix d'Herelle in 1917 to describe both the phenomenon of spontaneous destruction of bacterial cultures and an agent responsible.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/filgotinib.html  Debates about the nature of bacteriophages raged in the 1920s and 1930s, and there were extensive attempts to use the phenomenon to fight infections. Whereas it eventually became a crucial tool for molecular biology, therapeutic uses of 'phage' declined sharply in the West after World War II, but persisted in the Soviet Union, particularly Georgia. Increasingly isolated from Western medical research, Soviet scientists developed their own metaphors of 'phage', its nature and action, and communicated them to their peers, medical professionals, and potential patients. In this article, I explore four kinds of narrative that shaped Soviet phage research the mystique of bacteriophages in the 1920s and 1930s; animated accounts and military metaphors in the 1940s; Lysenkoist notions on bacteriophages as a phase in bacterial development; and the retrospective allocation of credit for the discovery of the bacteriophage during the Cold War. Whereas viruses have been largely seen as barely living, phage narratives consistently featured heroic liveliness or 'animacy', which framed the growing consensus on its viral nature. Post-war narratives, shaped by the Lysenkoist movement and the campaigns against adulation of the West, had political power-although many microbiologists remained sceptical, they had to frame their critique within the correct language if they wanted to be published. The dramatic story of bacteriophage research in the Soviet Union is a reminder of the extent to which scientific narratives can be shaped by politics, but it also highlights the diversity of strategies and alternative interpretations possible within those constraints.Vladimir Sertić was a pioneer of bacteriophage research in the period between the two world wars. He was born and educated in Croatia, where he made his initial discoveries, and joined Félix d'Herelle's Laboratoire du Bactériophage in Paris in 1928. Original documents and a box with hundreds of sealed bacteriophages samples were kept in Sertić's Zagreb home for decades. Following Vladimir's death, his sister passed this archival material to Professor Zdravko Lacković in 1989. Some years later, these artefacts were opened and studied. Additionally, we conducted a literature search using the term 'Vladimir Sertić' in the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. After a detailed examination of these data, we established a chronology of his work and compiled a list of his scientific publications. A complete bibliography, with the exception of those publications already cited here, is provided as an appendix. Sertić's key contributions included the exploration of the properties of phage lysins, the devising of a uniform bacteriophage classification system and, in collaboration with his protégé, Nikolai Boulgakov, the isolation of numerous bacteriophage strains, including the famous φX174. Finally it was Sertić's pioneering work in Zagreb that offered confirmation that phages are live agents.A novel method for facile postpolymerization functionalization of synthetic polymers using terminal norbornadiene (NBD) building blocks is presented. Incorporation of the NBD functionality streamlines the synthesis of a wide array of block polymers utilizing multistep click chemistry strategies. Previously, the use of NBD-functionalized initiators produced polymers that underwent a cascade of Diels-Alder (DA) reactions to unveil a reactive cyclopentadiene (Cp) chain end. When coupled with a maleimide-bearing counterpart, a highly efficient DA cycloaddition with the terminal Cp can occur. To extend this concept to a range of polyacrylates and commercially available poly(ethylene glycol) systems, we developed a novel NBD acid building block for postpolymerization functionalization. Employing this process, we have demonstrated straightforward access to a library of block polymers that leverage this NBD click platform.This is a review of the clinical and histopathological published data on very rare heterotopic acinic cell carcinomas (AcCCs) with suggested optimal management. Extrasalivary AcCCs originate primarily in parotid lymph nodes. They present at low clinical stage, show mostly low-grade histopathology and are circumscribed with a complete nodal capsule. Extracapsular dissection was advocated as adequate therapy. In rare cases with positive surgical margins, a completion parotidectomy or adjuvant radiotherapy should follow. Heterotopic high-grade AcCCs are rare, necessitating radical surgery including neck dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy. The short term prognosis is excellent, long term outcomes are not known. Longer term follow-up is essential.To explore the perioperative nursing methods of treating femoral head necrosis with autologous stem cells, 5 cases of femoral head necrosis were selected, one case of bilateral and 4 cases of single femoral head necrosis. Five patients underwent stem cell transplantation. Harris score, VAS score, and imaging examination were used to observe the nursing effect of autologous stem cells in the treatment of femoral head necrosis. The results showed that the pain of the patients was alleviated and the score of hip joint function was improved significantly after the treatment. There were no complications in the monitoring period after the treatment proving that the transplantation of autologous stem cells had a good therapeutic effect.To explore the value of prenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of twin pregnancy with foetal heart malformation, 30 foetuses with congenital heart disease of twin pregnancy who were 19-37 weeks between July 2016 and January 2018 were selected for prenatal ultrasound examination. The prenatal ultrasound was carried out and the data were collected and analyzed statistically. The results showed that there were 11 cases of ventricular septal defect (VSD), 3 cases of endocardial cushion defect, 3 cases of left cardiac dysplasia, 4 cases of right ventricular double outlet, 5 cases of aortic stenosis, 2 cases of tetralogy of Fallot, and 2 cases of aortic disconnection. It was found that VSD had the highest detection rate amongst foetal congenital heart disease. Therefore, prenatal ultrasound is the most effective method to diagnose foetal congenital heart disease.