Affected genes encode proteins involved in DNA repair (ATM, ATR, BRCA2, BRIP1, CHEK2, MLH3, MUTYH, POLE, POLE4, POLQ, XRCC1), chromatin modification (ARID1B, DNMT3A, JARID2, SETD1B) or other cellular pathways LRRK2 (2 cases) and MSH4. Notably, somatic truncating mutation or deletions of LRRK2 were occasionally found in MMs in The Cancer Genome Atlas, and expression of LRRK2 was undetectable or downregulated in a majority of primary MMs and MM cell lines we examined, implying that loss of LRRK2 expression is a newly recognized tumor suppressor alteration in MM.
  Increasing evidence suggests that structural stigma (e.g.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/atn-161.html  discriminatory laws, policies and population attitudes) can give rise to minority stress reactions (i.e. rejection sensitivity, internalized homophobia and identity concealment) to compromise sexual minorities' mental health. Yet, many sexual minorities encounter divergent structural stigma climates over the life course, with potential implications for their experience of minority stress reactions and mental health. We take advantage of sexual minority male migrants' lifecourse-varying exposures to structural stigma contexts to examine this possibility.
 
  A sample of 247 sexual minority men who had migrated from 71 countries to the low-structural-stigma context of Sweden completed a survey regarding migration experiences, minority stress reactions and mental health. This survey was linked to objective indices of structural stigma present in these men's countries of origin, diverse in terms of structural stigma.
 
  Country-of-origin structural stigma was significantly associated with poor mental health and this association was mediated by rejection sensitivity and internalized homophobia, but only among those who arrived to Sweden at an older age and more recently.
 
  Prolonged exposure to high levels of structural stigma can give rise to stressful cognitive, affective and behavioural coping patterns to jeopardize sexual minority men's mental health; yet, these consequences of structural stigma may wane with increased duration of exposure to more supportive structural contexts.
 Prolonged exposure to high levels of structural stigma can give rise to stressful cognitive, affective and behavioural coping patterns to jeopardize sexual minority men's mental health; yet, these consequences of structural stigma may wane with increased duration of exposure to more supportive structural contexts.Vaginal microbiota provide the first line of defense against urogenital infections primarily through protective actions of Lactobacillus spp. Perceived stress increases susceptibility to infection through several mechanisms, including suppression of immune function. We investigated if stress was associated with deleterious changes to vaginal bacterial composition in a subsample of 572 women in the Longitudinal Study of Vaginal Flora, sampled from 1999 through 2002. Using Cox proportional-hazard models, both unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographics and sexual behaviors, participants who exhibited a 5 unit-increase in Cohen's perceived stress scale had greater risk (aHR=1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.74) of developing molecular bacterial vaginosis (BV), a state with low Lactobacillus abundance and diverse anaerobic bacteria. A 5-unit stress increase was also associated with greater risks for transitioning from the L. iners-dominated community state type (26% higher) to molecular-BV (aHR=1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.56) or maintaining molecular-BV from baseline (aHR=1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.47). Inversely, women with baseline molecular-BV reporting a 5-unit stress increase were less likely to transition to microbiota dominated by L. crispatus, L. gasseri, or L. jensenii (aHR=0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.99). These findings suggest psychosocial stress is associated with vaginal microbiota composition, inviting a more mechanistic exploration of the relationship between psychosocial stress and molecular-BV.
  Despite significant advances in surgical techniques, including thoracoscopic approaches and perioperative care, the morbidity rate remains high after lung resection. This study focused on a low attenuation cluster analysis, which represented the size distribution of pulmonary emphysema and assessed its utility for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications after thoracoscopic lobectomy.
 
  From April 2013 to September 2018, lung cancer patients who received spirometry and computed tomography (CT) before surgery and underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy were included. The cumulative size distribution of the low attenuation area (LAA, defined as ≤-950 Hounsfield unit on CT) clusters followed a power-law characterized by an exponent D-value, a measure of the complexity of the alveolar structure. D-value and LAA% (LAA/total lung volume) were calculated using preoperative 3-dimensional CT software. The relationship between pulmonary complications and patient characteristics, including D-value and LAA%, was invemonary complications after thoracoscopic lobectomy.
  It is unknown whether dysglycemia is associated with M. tuberculosis transmission.
 
  We assessed epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB and their close contacts, enrolled in a multicenter prospective cohort in Brazil. Contacts were investigated at baseline and 6 months after enrollment. QuantiFERON positivity at baseline and conversion (from negative to positive at month 6) were compared between subgroups of contacts according to glycemic status of persons with tuberculosis (PWTB) as diabetes mellitus (DM) or prediabetes. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to test independent associations with baseline QuantiFERON-positive and QuantiFERON-conversion.
 
  There were 592 PWTB (153 DM, 141 prediabetes, 211 normoglycemic) and 1784 contacts, of whom 658 were QuantiFERON-positive at baseline and 106 converters. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that TB-prediabetes cases, acid-fast bacilli-positive, pulmonary cavities, and living with someone who smoked, were independently associated with QuantiFERON-positive in contacts at baseline. DM, persistent cough, AFB-positive and pulmonary cavities in TB source cases were associated with QuantiFERON-conversion.
 
  Contacts of persons with pulmonary TB and dysglycemia were at increased risk of being QuantiFERON-positive at baseline or month 6. Increased focus on such close contacts could improve TB control.
 Contacts of persons with pulmonary TB and dysglycemia were at increased risk of being QuantiFERON-positive at baseline or month 6. Increased focus on such close contacts could improve TB control.