AIMS Novel parameters that detect failed microvascular reperfusion might better identify the patients likely to benefit from adjunctive treatments during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We hypothesised that a novel invasive parameter, the thermodilution-derived temperature recovery time (TRT), would be associated with microvascular obstruction (MVO) and prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS TRT was derived and validated in two independent ST-elevation myocardial infarction populations and was measured immediately post-PCI. TRT was defined as the duration (seconds) from the nadir of the hyperaemic thermodilution curve to 20% from baseline body temperature. MVO extent (% left ventricular mass) was assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging at 2-7 days. In the retrospective derivation cohort (n=271, mean age 60±12 years, 72% male), higher TRT was associated with more MVO (coefficient 4.24 [95% CI 2.26-6.22) pmedian, thermodilution waveform, age and ischaemic time. At 5-years, higher TRT was multivariably associated with all-cause death/ heart failure hospitalisation (OR 4.14 [95% CI 2.08-8.25] p less then 0.001) and major adverse cardiac events (OR 4.05 [95% CI 2.00-8.21] p less then 0.001). In the validation population (n=144, mean age 60±11 years, 80% male), the findings were confirmed prospectively. CONCLUSIONS TRT represents a novel diagnostic advance for predicting MVO and prognosis.AIMS We investigated the association between the use and findings of IVUS with clinical outcomes in the PCI arm of a randomised trial of LMS PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS The NOBLE trial randomised patients with LMS disease to treatment by PCI or CABG. Of 603 patients treated by PCI, 435(72%) underwent post-PCI IVUS assessment of which 224 were analysed in a core-laboratory. At 5 years, the composite of MACCE were 18.9% if post-PCI IVUS was performed vs. 25.0% if not (p=0.45, after adjustment). Overall repeat revascularization was not reduced (10.6% vs. 16.5%, p=0.11), however LMS TLR was (5.1% vs. 11.6%, p=0.01) if IVUS was used. For comparison of stent expansion, LMS MSA was split into tertiles. We found no significant difference in MACCE, death, myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis between tertiles. There was a significant difference between the lower and upper tertiles for repeat revascularisation (17.6% vs. 5.2%, p=0.02) and LMS TLR (12.2% vs. 0%, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Post PCI IVUS assessment and adequate stent expansion are not associated with reduced MACCE, however there is an association with reduced LMS TLR. Use of intra-coronary imaging to prevent stent under-expansion in LMS PCI is likely to improve outcomes.Hemocyanin is a respiratory protein that possesses multiple physiological and immunological functions in shrimp. However, the transcriptional regulation of the hemocyanin gene is still poorly understood. Here, the nuclear receptor E75 of Litopenaeus vannamei (LvE75) was identified as one of the transcriptional regulators that modulates the transcription of the small molecular weight hemocyanin gene of L. vannamei (LvHMCs) by inhibiting its core promoter activity in a Dual-luciferase assay. In silico analysis revealed that the core promoter (designated HsP3), which is located at +1517/+1849 bp of LvHMCs contained a putative E75 binding motif ("ACGGAAT", spanning +1812/+1818 bp). Further, LvE75 was shown to inhibit the core promoter activity by direct binding.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PP242.html  Importantly, in vivo silencing of LvE75 resulted in a significant upregulation in the mRNA and protein expression of LvHMCs gene. Taken together, our present results provide direct evidence that LvE75 is a transcriptional suppressor of the LvHMCs gene expression. BACKGROUND Since 2003, 200 cases of bird flu (H5N1) cases have been reported with 168 death (case fatality rate 84%) in Indonesia. Pandemics are unpredictable, but the threat is imminent. Therefore, pandemic preparedness, which includes full simulation exercises, is a key to reduce this threat. Responding to the challenges, Ministry of Health (MoH) Indonesia adopted WHO pandemic risk management guideline, developed contingency plan and conducted full scale epicenter influenza pandemic simulation. METHOD The exercise outlines the Government of Indonesia operational plans for Avian Influenza (AI) control from the detection of AI cases (from poultry to human transmission) and containment of human to human transmission of novel influenza virus in influenza pandemic epicenter at Setu village South Tangerang. The simulation covers multiple locations in community, hospitals, point of entry and live bird market. 25 evaluators and around 800 observers involved in the exercise. RESULTS The full scale pandemic epicenter containment exercise has demonstrated Indonesia capacity in whole of society approach pandemic risk management in the overall national emergency response framework, covering command and coordination, animal health response surveillance, medical response, laboratory, risk communication, perimeter control, pharmaceutical interventions, non-pharmaceutical interventions and civil-military interoperability. It is served as a momentum to improve multisector commitment on pandemic preparedness. The outcome of this exercise has contributed to identification of gaps that require further strengthening of IHR core capacities in the country to reduce the threat of the next influenza pandemic. CONCLUSION There is also a critical need for more evidence-based strategies and policy formulation to strengthen pandemic preparedness. BACKGROUND The number of bariatric procedures is growing worldwide annually. While there is no doubt that a high body mass index is fundamental in qualification for surgical intervention, the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) developed in 2009 may be an additional tool for identifying patients for whom surgery should be performed and those for whom the surgery should be postponed. OBJECTIVE Assessment of the feasibility of modified EOSS as a qualification tool for surgery for obesity and related diseases and its association with morbidity. SETTING University Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. METHODS A retrospective study of prospectively collected data. All patients were assigned an EOSS score based on their medical record. We only considered the medical aspect, so the achieved results may be underpowered. Analyzed outcomes involved specific and overall complication rate, length of hospital stay, and weight loss. Regression models were created to assess the influence of EOSS on length of stay and complications.