https://www.selleckchem.com/products/d-1553.html Introduction Fungal infections are increasingly encountered in clinical practice due to more favorable environmental conditions and increasing prevalence of immunocompromised individuals. The diagnostic approach for many fungal pathogens continues to evolve. Herein, we outline available diagnostic tests for the most common fungal infections with a focus on recent advances and future directions.Areas covered We discuss the diagnostic testing methods for angioinvasive molds (Aspergillus spp. and Mucor spp.), invasive yeast (Candida spp. and Cryptococcus ssp.), Pneumocystis, and endemic fungi (Blastomyces sp., Coccidioides ssp., and Histoplasma sp.). The PubMed-NCBI database was searched within the past 5 years to identify the most recent available literature with dates extended in cases where literature was sparse. Diagnostic guidelines were utilized when available with references reviewed.Expert opinion Historically, culture and/or direct visualization of fungal organisms were required for diagnosis of infection. Significant limitations included ability to collect specimens and delayed diagnosis associated with waiting for culture results. Antigen and antibody testing have made great strides in allowing quicker diagnosis of fungal infections but can be limited by low sensitivity/specificity, cross-reactivity with other fungi, and test availability. Molecular methods have a rich history in some fungal diseases, while others continue to be developed.Introduction Acutely ill and medically complex pediatric patients typically rely on central venous catheters (CVCs) for vascular access. CVCs can have serious complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE). In children, CVCs are the most common risk factor for VTE.Area covered Studies focused on the prevention and treatment of CVC-related VTE in children have been lacking until recently. Currently, there is one U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved anticoagu