https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nsc697923.html © 2020 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2020 Royal Microscopical Society.Ferroelectric materials, and more specifically ferroelectric domain walls (DWs) have become an area of intense research in recent years. Novel physical phenomena have been discovered at these nanoscale topological polarization discontinuities by mapping out the polarization in each atomic unit cell around the DW in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). However, identifying these features requires an understanding of the polarization in the overall domain structure of the TEM sample, which is often a time-consuming process. Here, a fast method of polarization mapping in the TEM is presented, which can be applied to a range of ferroelectric materials. Due to the coupling of polarization to spontaneous strain, we can isolate different strain states and demonstrate the fast mapping of the domain structure in ferroelectric lead titanate (PTO). The method only requires a high-resolution TEM or STEM image and is less sensitive to zone axis or local strain effects, which may affect other techniques. Thuhas. That lets the TEM user quickly know where the domains are in their TEM samples and roughly which way the arrows of charge are pointing. Then they can choose the most interesting features focus on for higher resolution analysis. © 2020 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2020 Royal Microscopical Society.OBJECTIVES To report results of surgical excision and Penrose drainage for the treatment of elbow hygromas in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of the clinical records of 19 dogs with elbow hygromas treated with Penrose drainage or surgical excision between 1997 and 2014. The data retrieved from the records included breed, gender, age, duration of clinical signs, weight, historical data, complete blood count and serum biochemistry, physical examination findings, diameter of the hygroma, cytology of needle aspirates, me