Heel fat pad thickness became thicker from ages 1-5 to 30-44years and thinner from ages 30-44 to 80-96years. Females had a lower heel fat pad thickness than males of corresponding ages. This result suggests that higher heel fat pad thickness in males is related to body mass and height.
 Heel fat pad thickness became thicker from ages 1-5 to 30-44 years and thinner from ages 30-44 to 80-96 years. Females had a lower heel fat pad thickness than males of corresponding ages. This result suggests that higher heel fat pad thickness in males is related to body mass and height.
  It remains unclear how the head and stem diameters for the radial head prosthesis could affect mechanical properties of the lateral collateral ligament measured by strain changes during elbow and forearm motions.
 
  Eight cadaveric specimens were secured to the device, which allows elbow flexion-extension and forearm pro-supination. Using six different implant combinations comprising 2 sizes for the head (long- and short-axis of the native head) and 3 sizes for the stem (press-fit, -1mm, and -2mm downsizing), prostheses were attached via the posterior approach. A differential variable reluctance transducer placed on the central portion of the radial collateral ligament were used for strain measurement with elbow flexion at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. At each position, the strain patterns with the forearm in the neutral and 45° pro-supination positions were also assessed.
 
  Specimens implanted with long-axis head component showed greater increases in the ligament strain during elbow flexion than intact specimens oat the radiocapitellar joint during forearm rotation to the intact elbow.
  The handrail is an effective means of assisting sit-to-stand movements. As some elderly people need force to support their body during sit-to-stand movements because of instability and weakness; however, few handrails are specifically shaped to generate more force and support the body. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a newly designed curved-angled handrail on the reaction force during sit-to-stand movements in the elderly.
 
  Twenty-one elderly subjects (age range, 72-84years) participated in the study. They performed sit-to-stand movements using a conventional vertical handrail and then the curved-angled handrail five times each. For each subject, body coordinate data were acquired and the handrail reaction force was measured using motion analysis and load sensors on the handrail.
 
  The reaction forces generated in the anterior-posterior and upward-downward directions during sit-to-stand movements using the curved-angled handrail were significantly greater than those generated using the conventional vertical handrail (p<.001).
 
  Compared with using the conventional vertical handrail, using the curved-angled handrail enhances the generated force during sit-to-stand movements.
 Compared with using the conventional vertical handrail, using the curved-angled handrail enhances the generated force during sit-to-stand movements.
  Emotionally distressed pregnant minority women experience multiple adverse outcomes, including pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, operative deliveries and low birth weight. Although the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening in pregnant women, many practices do not screen because efficacious interventions and systems are not in place to treat them.
 
  Purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to test a group delivered manualized cognitive-behavioral skills building intervention entitled COPE-P versus an attention control program on the mental health, birth and postpartum outcomes of minority pregnant women experiencing depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms.
 
  Design is a longitudinal randomized block RCT with repeated measures (beginning with screening prior to 18weeks, group prenatal care in both groups from 16+1 to 31+1weeks and ending at 6months postpartum) at two study sites (New York city and Columbus, Ohio). Race/ethnicity is being blocked to ensure equal numbers of Hispanic and Black women.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Sunitinib-Malate-(Sutent).html  384 women are being recruited from antenatal clinics if they are between 18 and 40years; in an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy <18weeks; and self-identify as Black or Hispanic. Valid and reliable measures are being used to assess healthy lifestyle behaviors and mental health outcomes immediately following the interventions, six - eight weeks postpartum and at the children's six-month well baby visit. Birth and delivery outcomes also are being assessed.
 
  If found to be efficacious, the COPE-P intervention could be a key solution to managing those with emotional distress and improving their outcomes.
 If found to be efficacious, the COPE-P intervention could be a key solution to managing those with emotional distress and improving their outcomes.
  Evidence regarding associations between maternal asthma medication use and birth defects is mixed.
 
  Estimate associations between asthma medciation use and 52 birth defects using National Birth Defects Prevention Study data from 1997 to 2011.
 
  We compared self-reported maternal asthma medication use for 28,481 birth defect cases and 10,894 nonmalformed controls. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) to estimate the risk of birth defects associated with early pregnancy asthma medication use (the month before through the third month of pregnancy), controlling for maternal age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking, folic acid-containing supplement use, and parity. We calculated risks by medication groupings bronchodilators, anti-inflammatories, and both.
 
  Overall, 1304 (5%) case and 449 (4%) control women reported early pregnancy asthma medication use. We observed an association between asthma medication use and longitudinal limb deficiency (1.81; 95% CI, 1.27-2.58). Early pregnancy bronchodilatoined, but we observed modest risks for bronchodilator use and several birth defects. Our findings support maintaining adequate asthma treatment during pregnancy, because early pregnancy asthma exacerbations have been associated with adverse birth outcomes, including birth defects.